8.C.1. PRSR 09 08 2004ITEM # S.C.1.
ver
MEMORANDUM
TO: Parks and Recreation Commission
FROM: Bill Maertz, Parks and Recreation Director
DATE: August 30, 2004
SUBJECT: Rain Garden at Lake Orono
A representative of the Sherburne County Soil and Water Conservation District has
approached the City of Elk River about the possibility of constructing a Rain Garden in Elk
River as a demonstration site. After discussing several sites, staff determined that the north
parking lot at Orono Park was a good potential location for a rain garden.
This site was selected because a large area of impervious surface currently drains directly into
Lake Orono upstream of the beach. Goose droppings, grass clippings, and automobile
byproducts are flushed into the lake with each storm event. A rain garden uses native and
locally adapted plants to retain and filter storm water.
The Soil and Water District can cover 75% of the cost of a rain garden. The Cities 25%
share could consist of in house labor. The purpose of discussion on August 30 is to seek
direction from the Commission whether to move forward and further study this potential
project.
ITEM / $.C.1.
SHERBURNE
C~!~;
SOIL ANA WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
August 31, 2004
To: Bill Maertz, City of Elk River
From: Mark Basiletti, Sherburne SWCD
14855 Highway 10
Elk River, MN 55330
Tel. (763) 241-1170 ext. 3
Website:
www.sherbu rneswcd.org
Re: Lake Orono Park rain garden and shoreline buffer demonstration project.
Purpose: Currently storm water runs directly from the park impervious areas to the lake. This
untreated storm water is a source of pollutants such as nutrients and fecal coliform bacteria. Much of the
storm water can be treated by a system of rain gardens, swales and buffer areas.
Rain gardens are designed to infiltrate most of the runoff. Vegetation in the rain gardens will tie up
nutrients and filter pollutants from the runoff. For large runoff events, excess runoff will overflow into a
buffer area which will provide further treatment.
The SWCD's preliminary assessment is that storm water from most of the impervious surface could
be treated by rain gardens and buffer areas. A rain garden was not planned for the parking lot
adjacent to the beach because of possible future relocation of this parking lot. Three possible garden
and buffer locations were identified (see attached map). The estimated areas of the proposed rain
gardens would come within the guideline that the size of the rain garden be approximately 8% of the
drainage area being treated. Water would enter the rain gardens via curb cuts where concrete gutters
currently exist in the parking areas. Overflow from RG 1 would flow through buffer 1. Overflow
from location RG 2 would flow via a Swale to location RG 3 and then through Buffer 2 to the lake.
2. Depth to the water table: The depth to the water table was estimated under the assumption that the
water table is approximately at the lake level. Information from MPCA's "Protecting Water Quality
in Urban Areas" states that the bottom of an infiltration basin should be 2 to 4 feet above the water
table. The locations labe]ed RG 1 and RG 2 would most likely meet this criteria.
The lowest point of RG 3 is only about 13 feet above the water table. The design for this treatment
area should take this into account. An existing ice ridge at this location already provides a shallow
depression. It may be desirable to create only a buffer at this location and design the buffer to avoid
ponding to the extent possible.
Depth to the water table will need further assessment for all locations. Soil borings should be done
for each.
Rain Garden Assessment Page 2
3. The design should allow for infiltration of stored runoff within 48 hours to avoid mosquito
breeding.
4. Long term maintenance needs to be investigated. How will accumulated silt be removed?
5. Compatibility with recreational use needs to be assessed for each location. In some cases, walking
paths may need to be incorporated into the design. Barriers such as wood rail fencing may be
advisable in some locations.
6. The size and shape of each of the proposed rain gardens is approximate but is based on
measurements of available space at each site. In all cases, it is planned that excavation will be done
so as to minimize impacts to tree root systems.
Funding: The Elk River Watershed Association through a Section 319 grant can provide funding
for innovative storm water treatment such as rain gardens and associated buffer/filter strips. Cost
share is up to a maximum of 75% of total project cost. The cooperator's share can consist of in-kind
goods and services. Volunteers may be used to plant vegetation, which can go toward the
cooperators 25%. Funded projects must be completed by September 30, 2006. Projects must be
maintained for 10 years.
8. Signage: For projects funded through the 319 Grant, we require that a sign identifying the practice
as a water quality improvement project be placed at the site. The Elk River Watershed Association
can provide an appropriate sign. We can also provide a literature box with fact sheets explaining the
purpose of the practice.
9. The SWCD proposes that the city engineer would do design work including calculations for
drainage area, pond dimensions, inlet and outlet design etc. The SWCD would plan for the plant
materials part of the project.
WHAT IS A RAIN GARDEN?
Every time it rains, gallons upon gallons, of polluted runoff flows from our yards, sidewalks, and driveways
into Strom sewers or road ditches. This polluted runoff is carried as conduit flow directly into our
lakes, rivers, and streams. You don't think about it but around every home and yard their are spots of
lutants on the landscape that are waiting to be washed away. Nutrients are found around the yard as
lawn fertilizer, grass clippings, and pet waste left on the landscape. Heavy metals and complex organic
compounds are deposited in the lawn from roofing materials, metal plating in downspouts, and pesticide
applications. Even exposed soil on the landscape can wash down storm sewers causing sedimentation
problems in surface waters. The runoff carrying pollutants from our yards may not cause much harm but
the pollutants washing into our storm sewers and drainage ditches from all of our yards has a cumulative
effect on our water resources.
Rain Gardens use native and locally
adapted plants to retain and treat stromwater on
the landscape before it reaches a storm drain or
road ditch. The plants used in Rain Gardens
have deep root systems which allows them
to retain runoff and filter pollutants in
stormwater. Basically, the plants capture and
treat runoff from your yard and allows the water
to infiltrate into the subsurface rather than
having it flow across the landscape as storm-
waterwhere it has the ability to pick up
additional pollutants. Rain Gardens are placed
at the end of downspouts or in low-lying areas
of a yard where water collects. The native and
i~~ally adapted plants used in these gardens are
a to tolerate a mix of dry and wet conditions
and even prosper when they are regularly
flooded. These gardens are cost effective, too.
Rain Gardens require less maintenance than
your typical turfgrass. This means less mowing,
no watering, and no fertilizer or pesticide
applications. They can also provide a great
habitat for birds and buttertlies.
Rain Gardens areaway of using nature to
protect our natural resources. They are
attractive landscapes that treat and filter storm-
water.
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Rain Ga` ~n j
Several communities around the nation and in Minnesota are promoting the use of Rain Gardens for the
purpose treating urban stormwater. The city of Maplewood, a northern suburb of St. Paul, used Rain
Gardens to retrofit a 1950's era subdivision during a street resurfacing and storm sewer construction
project. The city used the gardens to downsize storm sewer piping and street gutters in a suburban
neighborhood that was under construction. The University of Minnesota estimated a cost saving of $13,000
for the community in the two-block area where the residents installed Rain Garden amenities rather than
using the conventional stormwater system approach that uses street gutters and underground piping.'
In addition, the neighborhood was interested in protecting a downstream wetland from pollutants associated
v urban runoff. The existing piping from the storm sewer system emptied near an existing wetland
cam, ~ iplex. The gardens will benefit the wetland area by allowing runoff water to infiltrate into the subsurface
rather than directing it towards the sensitive ecosystem. Rain Gardens provided the city of Maplewood with
an overall cost saving and assisted the neighborhood with an environmental alternative to reduce pollution
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The natural solution to stormwater pollution
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watershed partnership
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