4.9. SR 10-19-1998ITEM 4.9.
Howard R, Green Oompany
QONSULTING ENGINEERS
October 14, 1998
File: 803450J-0060
CONSULTING ENG]NEER~
Formerly MSA
Consulting Engineers
Honorable Mayor and City Council
City of Elk River
13065 Orono Parkway
Elk River, MN 55330
RE: TRUNK HIGHWAY 169 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
Dear Council Members:
As you are aware, we have been working on the federal paperwork and beginning the design on
the Trunk Highway 169 pedestrian overpass. As we get further into the design, there are a
number of issues that we would like to make the City Council aware of, and get some input.
Most of these regard the type of construction materials and style of bridges. We have a short
videotape (approximately 10 minutes) of several bridges from around the Twin Cities area that
we will show at the City Council meeting.
Several of the key considerations that we would like some input into are as follows:
A. MATERIALS
There are basically three materials that a pedestrian bridge can be constructed of.
These are steel, concrete, and wood laminate. Generally, steel is the least expensive,
with wood laminate the most expensive and concrete somewhere in the middle.
B. STYLE OF CONSTRUCTION
The look of a bridge is dictated by the design style, pier type, material selection and
choice of aesthetic elements.
There are several styles of construction including continuous span, through girder,
through truss, and pony truss. A brief description of each of these is as follows:
Continuous span: This is probably the most common style of pedestrian bridge. This is
where the material used for the beams is underneath the floor of the pedestrian bridge,
and the handrail and fencing are attached to the floor of the bridge. This type of bridge
has the greatest overall height.
Through girder: The girders are two L-shaped beams placed to form a U shape. The
walkway is within the U. Because of the long spans required to cross a four-lane
highway, the beams get quite deep. To reduce the overall height of the bridge, the floor
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City of Elk River
October 14, 1998
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of the bridge is placed at the bottom of the beams and the beams themselves form the
handrail of the bridge. The fencing is then installed on top of the beams.
Through truss: A lighter weight bridge can be constructed if a truss is used. In a through
truss, the sides and roof of the bridge are used as structural elements of the truss.
Effectively, the structure of the bridge surrounds the walkway. Fencing is attached to the
interior of the truss.
Pony truss: A pony truss is a combination of a through girder and a through truss bridge.
Piers, the middle support columns, can vary widely in appearance, and are an important
part of the aesthetics of the bridge. The video shows examples of V, open V, T, Y,
column and cap, tapered and simulated stone piers.
The Pony Truss and Through Truss designs are able to make use of canned bridge
quotations. This means that a bridge supplier would furnish specifications and costs
based on the required length and height. The pier and abutments would be designed to
match the bridge being supplied. This can slightly reduce the design cost.
MAINTENANCE
Long term maintenance requirements are another element to consider. Steel bridges
generally require more maintenance than concrete or wood types. They require painting
every 10 - 15 years. The video does show one type of Iow maintenance steel bridge. It
uses CorTen steel that is made to rust evenly on the surface to present the rust color
and not need painting.
While concrete and wood bridges both generally require Iow maintenance, there is a
difference in their life spans. Wood bridges can be expected to last 25 to 30 years while
concrete and steel structures will last in excess of 50 years.
Due to the shorter life span of wood bridges and higher maintenance of painted steel, we
recommend the selection of either a concrete or CorTen steel bridge.
OTHER DESIGN ELEMENTS
Mn/DOT requires bridges over roads to have a fence to prevent items from being
dropped from the bridge. The least expensive and most basic approach is to use
standard chain link fence. Chain link can also be coated with PVC, which comes in
black, green or brown colors. This is a little more expensive, but generally looks nicer.
Another option is to construct a wrought iron fence. This will only work with certain
bridge designs and is the most expensive of the three fencing options.
Lighting is not required by Mn/DOT, but may be desired as it provides an element of
safety. There are three main methods used to light a pedestrian bridge. One way is to
string lights along the bridge fencing. This would involve a number of Iow power lights. A
Howard R, Green Company
O:\PROJ\803450j\0060\450-0902.oct.doc CONSULTING ENGINEERS
City of Elk River
October 14, 1998
Page 3
second method is to have several light poles mounted on the bridge. Another method is
to make use of larger light poles along the highway that shine onto the bridge as well as
the roadway.
Making patterns or coloring concrete is another method of developing aesthetic effects.
If any of these additional design elements are too elaborate and expensive, the expense
is not covered by Mn/DOT.
FINANCING
As you are aware, the City received High Priority Project funding for this project. This
funding requires a 20% local match. The following shows the budget available for this
project.
Federal funds available (80%)
Required local match (20%)
$530,250
$132,550
TOTAL $662,800
Estimated construction costs of different style and material bridges are shown below.
These costs are for a basic bridge of each type with standard chain link fencing.
Steel Concrete Wood
Continuous Span $445,000 $475,000 $480,000
Pony Truss $465,000 -- $500,000
Through Gi~er $480,000 $490,000 $515,000
Through Truss $490,000 --- $530,000
As can be seen from these estimates, it appears that the City can afford any style and
material bridge they choose. Again, we suggest either a concrete or CorTen steel
bridge. Then some of the excess budget would be available to upgrade the fencing, add
lighting, and consider other aesthetic treatments.
We are looking for some direction as to how the City Council would like us to proceed on these
issues.
Sincerely,
Howard R. Green Company
TJM/st
Howard R, Green Company
O:~PROJ\803450j\0060\450-0902.oct.doc CONSULTING ENGINEERS