HRSR INFORMATION 05-28-2002 • B FORMATION
. ii,
ity of
ElCls
River
MEMORANDUM
TO: Housing & Redevelopment Authority
FROM: Heidi Hall, Economic Development Assistant 0
DATE: May 28, 2002
SUBJECT: Articles on Housing Issues
Issue
As the HRA, City Council, and Planning Commission continue to consider the City's
role in addressing the housing needs identified in the Elk River Housing Study
• completed by the Central MN Housing Partnership, staff will continue to provide
information on housing issues.
Articles
"Twin Cities Affordable Rates Just Got More Expensive" MN Real Estate Journal,
April 15, 2002
This article explains why the Metropolitan Council suggests that a $170,000 home is
considered affordable for people with low to moderate incomes.
"Affordable Housing Gets $28 Million Boost" St. Paul Pioneer Press, April 25, 2002
The McKnight Foundation awarded the Family Housing Fund with a $28 million
grant to increase the metro area's affordable housing stock. This article explains how
the grant will be used.
•
c O a)
w a) 0C0E a) 3 � � a°a) 80 ,] >,.= d 5, Ua) 0 .. ° LI o >,waU
C
0 a)
0- C
U U� ^ fl.? O WE ] �.� bA ' � ¢ � Y b4O C, ,) � t U .+^
� .r O N c
%' c U, b° = .- O g 0 O,5 00 — ).., ,v a to . .= >
,
. y ' 0 4 y alt p -E o aA U^,-) t ,C `> pp o U +,'O 0.0 ',o o a �.• `) Ey7 ., o "o 0 p
2 • w 'g 0 o ° o 0. 0 0 °' °a b.~-`4 oc,_,:b E •g gb ae'
(,p N >., �"O 0, j 00..,., tD 0 ,4 too cu 3`�.0 p� O 3 u >, o,Ua_� 0 w 0 E
I 01•x;�•a 0� o � 8.E — t `� ', A»� Q ,, 1.4 (.4 . 4", m ° ate'- o
.74 a)^0� = 0-8aooc. 0.-0E a' . 0=. s 0.. 5- cam' 345,, E o o
0 0= .c `2 0 0 o E. a a o tom °U°0E.- w o'y a E.0•5:t
; ° 03 0 Q A o,� o°o p >k .. , .c< .E a' •a .4, >,v c .1 .4.0 w E .° o Cil a)
;iii .+.. ;�
1 Ob y .ca, ,...•.. r.-U�" 0� 0.`T' s.3.,. v. U .C..r,—0 o
ra°• aw c, a ° 0Qa'o$ `a4cUpa'.r0o 4 -. y0onwY L)
.0 w 0 U�o� O.�N 0... �...� 0 0� 4 �o,-. o,...v co 8
,_, O 0•g•-,n 3 � w 0 w ° o „n 0 r.® 0 �s 0,124 W "..`�. °IouHllhjtllJ N to0o o „, a'” '0�j- ,0� ›',� oon. 3 5 ° > .�'d °
o U ..+ p '-' a a ° 0 w O�.°• . .o a' 00 or6U ° � ca ' o ON V °^i ° ,, a ,dC,8 o0 >' 8 ,0,N .8 aF -a y ,E O . 0 b°v 3 >,'j 0 ° O"O O '6 N � � vi C O ° '� ° � N ° )p o L � N O y"O'� � E ° C D vi b UN °� a) ° > � O e'"0 ,•. 0,. co y N N � t- ,., . N .. ° � " w ° � '0 w o 0 0 • 0 -.,-, a a) a) E w E ° oo' 0 0•-.. e
w
p O ate•«....., 0 w.�°.cn-a uM)o
I >,.–+ 0 ate, c�pi ,5.¢,0 �:
c r � U hR...„‘
1I . d 0
1 ' ` �rc� c y°10,0, s W O M V, 0O.". °U
t :.. n gay .0 }„ L. Dil
INCI
0 o°c. : p O 0 O
I O ca N ) a ° 0
I."E ,, _
- , . ,.
c . ='0 ,.s. wo U p4. o p U
000 . 8 N
F- — ,fl. p . .E
C.
0'4 30, 00 w— ta00°a ° aate) a)^ 0 0 0 0, 0o0°Q4 0
CD ,I •z p ,O b5 y wy O M ,k"..7)n . w� JII x 0 ' 0 v, O 0+. 0 N G > 0 U ,„ N,..� ci N .O Z •0 •Elm cc 0.5 o,...,,,s,, t,-, 0 , 0 = E 4-. 1-, ›,cl 5 `g.4.-., =6, ,,,t
==<-2 1 o 2 r•-- HIILOIUU:
$ `l o"0 0,i a 'a) rs V) 0,b) X C4') = p i'•
Q ib-o ›''"9 0 0 ° c 0 ° ca 3 '- o o a� 0 ° .� N.�d =c3 a.� fl
• O W 0 w › [ o"o o ,a 1 o b4� zI `3;=' 0 �»
° -�so° o �, ca0
° ° ' o 0,O U U O �w
O y . o "° nv, �. a9 ,, 0W ° d � =
": 2 "U N -U 0 � 0E 00 • ' o -
° 8 0.a o ° a) ms-o . a)Q Q o 0 c°a 3 o t� a.o ° ° p.w.0.a o ,.. >, .-,tys E•oo o L.i
O.‘... o 4
1
• - . . .. ... . .
f'
INFOR o�
0
t. .i
}. €.. k
r
i {' ry +r 1 • iri ��Y ; u •rg l , ; T 'k r
s ..• rr • r r it ?4 z:d t ' :. J' t
,Y ft
`
• �• t
0 'V 0 •
' It
r 41- , i_ t: g r f ti % i 4., ; 1i y 5_
V p
1 .97. i .t 4 r 1 7■ . '' y Yi 1 TY 'S{
> .
x
.'',4 ;, T 11 /1}1f ,.,e 11 a N * , d � t (1 i,,,,,,•44,/,S �7� 1e�FSny , 4i S$''� kj y.re
_• ,t,{�• .. k a �1;-. ,„ ,' v {. r ;,,K' tt, n 1 •l;%j v, _ 7 .. e ..,-,,,. ,, ,a: {Ca fl ,
t s "�a c t + �Zt F L w ;Mrs*:, Batt x a ,,s j` t }. y,. `rr,`"r"sa.-M,r,
. rk Illy „0:,'.. it i%€G a t, ;' f '^i`?,F 4900 gc iih' �J: tk�* si 5ary�`e ; _ l€,y A etPeig "4 r s as%i s t,":4 4 TM
*l; ^a xlt J i} gull k r 1 7 44 k1 0, t 7 x fi a L 43 L j
r Y r
-. tq{° jt '..' 'a9YF,i- 4'� 1,8:,. '✓i:J a 7t•% rs.4' f4 "'q'k:7' i ...i :?:, r,J! 1, g L r e F�jlt .° ' '-R a.• i" • : ?'i wk • .x.,s,J EE, ,111,r f 4:� a.l:,: s+IRt.i'k k tt¢a ';-4 !I�{.'1� '7s:„ ,,..:17 'gyp� 7J. �,t,M tp�h'�r S S J :'r� 1 `ta '^pr,�v ID,} „t,,., t4t� ii ad 0 °„5 r 4, t -,t 51z ,t �;�/ }
9 t i s* t4 aE t a + �° i ' 4sd"` It
i 1° 1 •� -& ��:. Y �',1{r 7s t�' Y gyS,r t.�"y .'Tte0.
�" a1.-Y t° Jk� 1;7 ,ys<1' �t � Y a � r�
a : a fi rll F a a me E itri 17#40 e,',�x a titayr .t°',€1 3,1 y rr `t } i tr a~ r t 1
` 7 i 4 t 5 '' + is H 1'-,s>a ?- -%i,.',,,: .& n a-
4 � Z . , 3s ' e xry } ky ;{r a rl td�y €f 1-r: ' ! svY 4 m c ?fir ar i q{y.
r .� t s.;a 1 "i k * 070.4„:'''' t r ,4, .> t4'Y f^• ::!• .14 trPEi ,i b F
�a a y yy 1 n J �svti "S+ ; q a .
:: 3,' -' s 4 0r tX t`h, Ys r,�,ti r e,a rt r e d f,...'L 7e�':1,,. _ PA.... -� ^ " - r.$sF A t "y r /A
- j} q i�k '.kiz 1 444 1 i ; s x } r� i Y; s, ,�.. a4 .J e rg�x is 1 h a.aj q
N f€+..;a,`4. t{J3�4J'-M1 IKg#ii �r"t V,4p�}•f 17_, •fFti, .kt. i �tF 1 t -� f1%"Y !� :.:� .`�d. '4 5n e 4'-' h- y Lyt g':', _
' SA't al Yi'St�t 5'` "4,.. t'!Pi: 1 e � e{��. q R. k�{S'.1F; 1 1 ,�-i""� ci 5r1 J
'= :l ti.'g .-r"Y.rexr I a,a ,Y , 'ar. €- r?.44.44: •1 i d .,.t�,! ,i« #*'.._. ?Y, "�" '11;01 t� °.t S - : 5 .:9#1 'x.',•:•I
,j fjt. j! :fi�,r ;-. : 441"x'.€�4 a.r c vn•+, 4j,er e y•': :., f.:.: t x �4a.} t a 4,r:'w:
`a 7 --y,,1�f,41 Y id i '4 :t3 tine: X a� f i y y R~!., i
I
.s o i r31�1-� as .r 4 a 3,y cii r ,1t�k 1 10,f, tt 1 tr1Y i .., 't't i r :alit f r a t -[ t z
x a+ _,1. ,,�r " 1 .. ;„ i q r- k j r r is ��%il{€ 1 Li
71`1 at - i.+ -r r yr",ISi s4 r ai `-, , 4.;;$, 41, Q6,t' M1 _ , .Y_r :mill ..
ravilitiv-1:::::.
i it y.Ag _ ,q1y!'Srakp J•L � iF V�1t L b jg.ii P P t,z,. l N f i�• ,��y;; L rzt; 't'yF 4 y {` 1' jt �,•� i '� .::,, r{. - ,i - + �Co;,L: I4"��C li ^;,r }9 t t Sri'F ,+�'y , 9� 2yN d� # -0. �Fj�d1g-,{y,, :.. -�, J _
• ..Ia••� +g ;t f- C } ,:. Aatei , ; ty tr 9h „ S,.. "'k' v , 41r }} t.1 S a 3' -i7 .4, r n g, ! :.1• ref -UP.i ''4'a t xg tiCi. >t y i W. t e i Ct !fAd..'Yrr'F t (u i er j A l i 3 s f 'I t L i_ 4 °41 �, a; _e Y�r 9 9 w€ q.ztgf ;1Tt•=t ,� fir' ,.� x i - :�r a•.lj '1� re r .Y {t•'w4 ; k+,'S d �t� a"J't'i t e i' v .n.t Lu 1 -
€ � t , � is .,i.9 4,./.r l e ,,-'4 r, a;:; °$• i'.� a: -.fie. 3,,i "S f;� sr J' Y�47a _, y-,J 5 ,:� �' ,fir �}y y ��•xe t a'��# i' 'sY r 'ire � yr a.a .�sk� .'S� tz�•�}�1 Wit'}}er >t. I 'gypp 4:t -a FY. . a"9 .�� r a.- .I +r 5 W"� 5 v�SS ':•� i i�' C `'F �, F �'a _ 5 L.i 1 t t?.w} ' :t 11Ri0 , a ilita ri S''r i/i 1$YNi s €�tf tC sa�i -.�*.�.� 4 vs ro w w , sue• t +1+ z� i t� rr- t -�'v r �:'3s �.tit e r `r e_ ,{ �!• ,�+ai i�i s tt•t tF �y J I f F.:.-;'a.a:� t,t =� 4y LF',S aft:y4,a,¢':�°$, t 1't'-vigi� 0/4. J.r� *FSt., s: - " tu ,. ' - i �` 'F;u' �'Ti., A"?•11;14.14-110 k , b r t�. -i;,•h, 44,'Y�i €l1-r tri' t-1i4:4,,p lq. n rl f,, sy1• .tea:.:
s F`• N. -.1. .13' e�1' 1'.f- ,�dr jl 7S .,34}fjst ktAi'i''14.,,tt- ' r " t F^z i.gr sstvti r.1t t- i.• _ N F`.. �%3C,,Ci t,:#ty ti ,,,1, s. "' i,' .
:._:.A i IYU%r 11 s si u i' ii'`;r 't ,,'a''.t"3 r ttS1,14 tt i i1 j g T a 5 i' ,1,'•` N' i �P tt 'R.-§a't' i-i rs 1t':-F x ,1'4 4jZ .
�X1:•..1� 2,.�;[ y .,5 - A �-�:kF f' ,&{#�•tit#� yr„'-t;jt-�s��n w t y.r�'� 't r _a qJp�...-•1,•� �^P e�.d" �._ yt t 't _�
,,.'1.{':-.-g _ <i�.: i} _Iftl * s �a ,F-..?4i f r 9�,,7? J'+ �1t+ IJ Scull,' "�l fF .,6 c,,R' 4 'pi,tA e t13 _1;g4vi bry1 1_:
`t ;':,?F,,, �t ,gn 1 Y -;t , u 4 ,°.- # :; Jt ,.yr k i.t i b ' ? Ai:S gir, .' # ,s. .,. !d l:V•li • i v
"L% a S�1 >i `�� �-3�''�. �,t':'�. �:� �� jli�t."e•`,i� ��y.t�° 4�,eiv v hr •..�� g -,IJy�,i av��'.�° � � �. f3c� G 8 ;8w-tia ..it � A.�
.'.0, j`Y� .6 r _::.- 'i 4 1 yit,'7- 6 b: �' r'.1 :s 1,e" ('i''t 4 9a j9 _ ,fi*nR-� -r`'`4 t li_ t, i� '"fill t :T
s5; '':� i 5,�: A . ',1-1 f. .'` r .i-�_t` M .* Ss tciti-:i F Nf.#_' .J Y , 4y j y,._ pif i ■�4 :P -°tt`ipi,5 t t _r_<-� L hz$ '�4.,`,,A_•
,,e +1 a€✓�,^ 1 rL ,'';k"r S f ` t s_ ` r �. d 1o;'L t . .t i ii
t:� r 5 r � i�'y. -{��'yya:J -#+'r.F��" Y.'�.'a�,� 4 i'C1 '�•aA�.�s S�{{3''-+ui1$'f i•SS,. �tr+�'':S dG' i ��'Y-•,{ '33}}�t• ' :x; t 4 F'- /� h 'Y•r It i 4L ii r „.: 9i, , 'IY' Y r' ;1]{ it f ';i. ,}.•..-, -- g r :i E {.: !r• YS:'rT,t,,1 esp{', y,, t,I, t .f .?, u i Y F x�.. q4. r F" ,IJ eP T�.k 9s i.,5"t t �'YA � -5 J s: 1 S x a S t ',a 1;;4i t+ ir.: )f�ark;'•` +'id sr-, tt a� n; "" iv C 6H5 - F ».t.-�. a ' 1 y `i �4 ,n4'.i3Y'}t.,�r� i1'ti "iir R t kY ii f F a r • - ,i�'�t_:,,4; . iAi t Si:t 1 l •,. e t t, €, :t i r p ,_J�• f rM '.t, ;!`�%
T r K � F Y., � .r r J•Mt 8 5 -� w+',ti9 x �'<j't y - a` , .'tt ., P A K.V.,„ i 411, y T i; T .+� t� a„�i':,'PA�j is s.... ,.J.:.
i 3,t r i i } R 4 pry :-1. -..mn€i • i"S7'a 4{a; . '�14xx •..vt `t:.,:.€1 k:
1- •jz yrr S,4.//eita 11,',+ ik. SHERRI LAROSE,PIONEER PRESS
•
The Lanes,with an income of $15,600, are the kind of family the g grant targets. R Trevor, Emmanuel Ruth and i it five kids live i w ary's wee
Place,transitional housing in Minneapolis. Here,9-year-old Alexandria ,
Grant is a record-breaker for McKnight; state agency is seeking same �unoimt y,� o ;Vv 1 LL v
• throughout the state. munity that there's more work to he. . EN E F i T 7 s$
BY MARA H. GOTTFRII D
Though advocates say the done on eradicating this tragic cn-
Pioneer Press The illoney is
money is desperately needed, they sis," said Joy Sorensen Navarre,
targeted at those
The McKnight gest,.Foundation will say more needs to be do theh family tan I tet faith Councilton Affordable who make no
•award its largest •grant ever. today Septembernd y oncluded that Housing."Affordable houshtg needs more•than 60
— $28 million to boost the metro • Housing percent(for a
area's stock of affordable housing $1:5 billion was needed over the family of four,
by 5,000 homes and apartments. next five years to address the metro AFFORDABLE HOUSING,12x1
the Mhureso area's affordable housing gap. amity o a year)of
ht a separate move, "The gift from McKnight says Coming Friday:Details about the the,metro median
to Housing FUtance.Agency is ask- g y
income ;•
ing its board this afternoon to • they're committed to solving this $28 million the Minnesota Housing &
approve $28'million in affordable problem,but I also hear it as a clan- Finance Agency plans to spend on
housing holding for 60 projects on call to everyone else hi the con affordable housing projects
•
•
•
•
i
? "It`s really difficult, consider` ST. PALL PION
v EER PRESS
. . . .
. .,, .
41
III
t NFOFli'Aik44a ing how expensive most rents
•
are," Ruth Lane said. "It's ii tIS FROM PAGE 12A
tracing—so,so frustrating—for
working families like us to not be
12A M THURSDAY, APRIL 25, zooz able toafo daplacetolive. ONLINE
ST. PAUL PIONEER PRESS Economic factors have wors-
ened the affordable housing cri- +
FROM PAGE 1A sis. Metro rents have risen 34 The McKnight
' percent in the past decade,while Foundation:
`� } ,i � .. , »f> incomes rose just 9 percent Fut www.mcknight;org
�tit�i �T� a r x, �' • ton said.
f > lilt
°r Er t Family Housing Fund:
"o101,-::!:. ir=; :a 4- °:r ; - ,.� , ,�r a , nom,, r I The Lane family can afford www.fhfund.org
li�gar"� '"� • �+ ► � �;I a ? to spend about 390 a month on
♦ L.,`3A,.r'sx ; fi ew zl aft5
f.` • €' ( ► , �,,„: I•, ,,13 housing,using the formula that•
3 !�►I i! �� � , x � � ,' , f housing is affordable at no
I ��'� ¢kr� � more than 30 percent of a fatlti-
� y xl :N{ f a I Affordable
� , L \ �ti t►& , ' _�[ f ,r a 5'�V r;�+ 1' �,,a� I)''s income. The average rent
l 4a� � i.
• �,J A \ ! { T, ,Ytr}aJ t �� , {A for a three bedroom apartment
:������� ~�i . E �•' o' •1 ,, 1R''{s ,oaf § , 3f, �T•1 Y h
V <<S' l r 1 c , t ! [y� 4� gn V ;:.I......... in the Twin Cities is $1,208 a i1o�Sing
u��`�`i �L 1 nn�t�i, 1 1 (T I s€i �r s-,Z } ; yt E ,ti month.
e s �® �F Sh l�`' p 'lf V }p sksj�f#'xt ,�`a,. Y (y£+„'' 'f ; In , •
► 1 �i The Tamil g
� f � k �_.cll: ���t,c r, € k � y Housing Fund
illi 40: , ► r & :A a i 3
(continued)
s
I. will use 90 percent of the
°":▪a l L., alt { , 'k `�' § f t McKnight rant t0 produce
gi .‘t< z � Y g g p
maw 3 ; . �.d }� k i i 4 ; i a ,Av. 1 help.,,
2W Pr x,F�g 1 .y UM.:j`y#� s t ► � ,� i ,x,*,V j,' affordable rental units in apart-
Affordable 1 xs s fN'i .g f i '°ik f 5�.,.� 11 z7 6 se,
meats and townhouses, help affordable housing Is a
'I "r t ,i -1 �" + ' long-term capital investment
i €F ' ` " "`„ "' loll and moderate income I arm
�P. A � �'3�� 4*r A, � � � 1 s �►# �` ,.£ t li 'L l.��i �,- •' � 7_
a r�x� 2k s ,,' ; ,�# _ s 111 corm-nut-titles,Ftdton said.
r t i E t ;�,.T Q:; r f :ft t= t lies buy homes, renovate exist-,t£& l a �, i f When you produce
.i.v Ng w m ?� �s ► 4 � 4t'+,,r ' d - ing affordable housing and cre
I, i�°* t If r `s affordable housing, it bene
f �r >`t' l > ,3 r k s fa: c,�'` ate supportive idiom units for fits the s,"Fulton tlit for 30,40,
t " Il r - x i 4 < ', t k t° _ people who need social services
.14.4n:.� ' F`� `' ��� la � `� � � i���t�} 1x� a � � ` 50 years,,, Fulton said. "It's
' g 0 '�.N ,t t aloe v ith housing. rest of not only
pp q ,13 �Y �� $ �` �'T3 i f 9
7 s z rr. `"'`. xS f� , y ,,b i'i IWI'sL9`� y g g a major contribution
s t the grant will be used for the
1i ' * .r,c= '1,01,41:41'44m,;4!1a :r r fa the life of the individual
. : t. , a group's research and operating
v s p � 1�, t°•z family that lives there, but
rlf , ; costs. it's a gift that keeps on giving
SHERRI I A.! . ,PIONEER PRESS. Tile money is targeted at because it.will be available Io
First-grader Autumn lane, 7, gets ready to do her homework after dinner in the room she shares those who make no more than
with her sisters at Mary's Place. 60 percent (for a family of four, families in the future."
$46,020 a year) of the metro The hick is petted ce-
r� to become the No. 1 priority on President Tom Fulton. The meclian income. meat, which is expected to
Affordable everyone's agenda." almotulcement today also
Four years ago, McKnight include St.Paul Ivlayol'Rankly
McKni ht's four-year y gave the Family Housing Kelly and Minneapolis Mayor
housing g y grant marks a milestone for the Ialni g Fund a R.T. Rybak, twill be held at a
to the Family Housing Fund ly I-lousitlg Fund:The nonprofit $23 million grant. And in the recently completed affordable
could help 12,000 to 14,000 pev- group has committed funds to past 20 years, McKnight has townhouse development in
(continued) ple, said Family Housing Fund complete its 25,000th affordable invested about $100 million in Mendota heights. The iota•housing unlit (over a nearly 22- affordable housing,"but what is lion was picked to highlight
year p
span), so paradoxical is, by many the need for affordable hous-
Over the next five years, measures, it •seems as if the ing ill the suburbs and• 31,700 new affordable housing problem has•worsened or at because a new affordable
tulits for people making $15,000 least not improved," said Rip housing hutiative,the Dakota
to$50,000 annually mast be built Rapson,McKnight president. County 'lousing Opportunity
to satisfy demand, meet new "We really have made sub- Enhancement Program, twill
housing needs and create a stantial progress in the tom- receive about $1.5 million of
healthy vacancy rate,according mtulity, but on the surface, r the McKnight grant.
to the Family Housing Fluid things seem worse," he said.
• study. `Affordable housing is a moo-
"T'here's always been a need ing target." '
y The9"e s always
for housing,but as the economy Today's grant fi om McKnight
•slips,there's more and more of a should be seen as a catalyst, l) ' 11 a need fO9•
need," said Dakota County Rapson said.
•
Conmlissioner Mince Turner, "We don't pretend a single / O7J( 2119' but as
who has been active in the coral grant from McKnight is going
• ty's affordable housing efforts. to change,the way people look
"It's been rather bleak. 'There at the questions surrounding the eGO92O171y SI1/)S,
are families out there living in affordable housing, he said. "I
cats,jammed ht houses with reI- think this should put enough there's 7)209"e
atives and living hl conditions energy in the community to get
that are way less than desirable. people moving and thinking and ?1201"e of a
•
We're just now making some about what they can do to
moves in file right direction."
Ruth and Enunanuel Lane AFFORDABLE HOUSING,13A need. It's been
and their five I +
"' children fit the 9" 1111•er bleak.
•
1 profile of a fam-
�; ily that could be 1btIKE TURNER
,:
E helped by Dakota County Commissioner
'
. today's grant
I -announcement.
The family has Emmanuel Lane, Ruth's
`" a gross annual husband, said he realizes
Emmanuel income of about there are many other Mini-
:
a int
Lane $15,600 and is lies like his wilo struggle to
currently living find affordable housing.
•
in transitional housing in Min- "There's 96 families at
neapolis.
"Wc ”..,11., lug,...,. . •- this place (transitional
housing) and I know we're
not alone,"said Lane,who is
a school bus' driver. "It's
overwhelming sometimes.
• It's all I think about —
where are we going to live,
how are we going to afford
it? We have a roof over otu•
••
head now, but I can't help
•
•
but want sometlung better
for Illy family.
•
Mara H. Gottfried can be
•
reached at mgottfried@
piotleerpress.Com or
•
(651)228-5262.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.