7.1. SR 05-16-2005
Item 1.1.
MEMOR NDUM
TO:
Mayor and City Council
!
Stephen Rohlf, Building anld Environmental Administrator
i
May 16, 2005 i
Consider Proposals for PU~IiC Archaeological Excavation
!
i
Background I
A thorough archaeological excavation of a histqric site and a prehistoric site in Elk River was
proposed for this summer. The two sites were }dentified during previous recent
archaeological work the city had conducted. Td enhance the public's awareness of the city's
history a.nd its cultural resources, the historic si~e was to be excavated using volunteers from
~p~k i
i
FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
The city requested a $14,800 grant from the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) to
conduct the excavations. The match to this grant money was $5,000 from the city and in-
kind services by city staff and volunteers.
The Bad News
Regrettably, permission from the owner of the property that contains the two sites selected
for the digs has been rescinded. In addition, the amount awarded through the SHPO grant
was reduced to $10,000.
The Good News
City staff was able to secure permission to conduct a dig on an alternative site adjacent to
West Twin Lakes that is owned by Allan Hoebelheinrich. The city's archaeological model
rated this area high for the potential to contain an archaeological site. This area was tested
last summer and archaeological artifacts (prehistoric) were found.
Staff is proposing that the scope of the project this summer be reduced to this one site,
excavated with public participation. The excavation will take place on July 8 through 10 and
July 15 through 17. The reduced scope of the project also better fits the new budget due to
the decrease in the SHPO grant.
Request for Proposals (RFP)
Attached to this memo is the RFP the city sent out regarding the proposed archaeological
excavations. The city received two responses regarding the original project, which are also
attached. One was from Amanda Gronhovd of 10,000 Lakes Archaeology and the other
was from Dr. Richard Rothaus of St. Cloud State University. The reduced funding and
changing the site location for the excavation happened after the city sent out the RFPs. Staff
feels the two responses received can still be used to make a qualified decision on a
consultant for the new altered project.
The Elk River Heritage Preservation Commission (HPC) reviewed the two proposals at their
meeting on May 12,2005. Although there was not a quorum ofthe HPC, those present
recommended the city retain the services of Dr. Richard Rothaus for the following
reasons:
~ Experience - The original request required that field supervision for the excavation
of the historic site (the mill floor) is conducted by person who meets the Secretary of
the Interiors standards for historic archaeology and that the prehistoric excavation
site be supervised by a person who meets the standards for prehistoric archaeology.
Dr. Rothaus and Ms. Gronhovd meet both of these standards. However, Ms.
Gronhovd's resume shows an emphasis on historic archaeology. With the public
excavation changing to a prehistoric site, the HPC thought Dr. Rothaus was a better
fit.
~ Knowledge of Elk River's archaeological resources - Having conducted the city's
archaeological modeling and literature search in 2003 and also testing the model in
2004, Dr. Rothaus obviously has more knowledge of the city's archaeological
resources than Ms. Gronhovd. The 10,000 Lakes proposal included literature and
archival research, which has already been conducted by Dr. Rothaus.
~ Public Participation - Besides learning more about Elk River's past, the major
reason for the excavation is to get people involved with and excited about our
cultural resources. Dr. Rothaus' proposal seemed a lot stronger as far as involving
the public. On page two of Ms. Gronhovd's proposal she talks about a public
archaeology program that would take place over one two-day weekend with the
possibility of limited public participation for the two days proceeding the program.
Dr. Rothaus proposes two three-day digs with the public. Dr. Rothaus also has
access to trained student labor, which will allow for greater participation by untrained
public volunteers.
~ Additional factor - Dr. Rothaus has access to St. Cloud State University's
Archaeological laboratory, a Cultural and Environmental Landscapes Laboratory and
the Spatial Analysis Research Center (GIS lab).
Bids
Environmental Technician Rebecca Haug had conversations with Ms. Gronhovd regarding
the change in the funding by SHPO and the potential reduced scope of the project prior to
10,000 Lakes Archaeology responding the city's RFP. 10,000 Lakes' bid reflects these
changes and the reduced project scope. Dr. Rothaus' bid was for the original project, which
included the excavation of two sites and conducting a Phase I Archaeological Survey on a
third site. Regrettably, Dr. Rothaus is in Belize on an archaeological excavation at this time
and can not be reached for a revised price. The city does not have to take the lowest bid for
this work.
Request for Proposals
For Archaeological Excavations of Two Sites in City of Elk River
Time Period: Deadline for proposals: April 22, 2005
Deadline for final report: January 15,2006
Budget: Not to exceed $30,153 depending on grant award amount. The project is
proposed to be funded by an $14,800 Certified Local Government (CLG) grant (pending)
from the Minnesota Historical Society and a $5,000 cash match from the City of Elk
River. The funds available for payment for consultant services totals $19,800. The
balance of the project budget consists of donated and in-kind services provided by the
City and the Heritage Preservation Commission. The National Park Service, u.S.
Department ofthe Interior, appropriates the federal funds to the Minnesota Historical
Society.
Professional Qualifications Standards: The project must be under the direction of
personnel who meet the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Standards for
archaeologists. A professional archaeologist qualified in prehistoric and historic
archaeology shall supervise all fieldwork.
Summary: One of the project objectives is to excavate a known site (21SH0051) in Elk
River's historic milling district with public participation on two three-day digs. These
digs will be scheduled over subsequent weekends to allow maximum public participation.
This excavation should determine the extent, chronology, and function of existing
structures. Another objective is the excavation of a potential aceramic site, with a goal of
determining site chronology and boundaries. Both sites shall be evaluated for National
Register eligibility. The contractor selected will also be required to conduct a Phase I
Archaeological Survey for a riverbank restoration project near 21 SH0051 and provide
trained personnel to observe grading work associated with this project for one or two
days.
Expected Products: The project will result in a final report, supporting materials, and
presentations to the Elk River Historic Preservation Commission, City Council, and
Sherburne County Historic Society. The final report will place the archaeological
resources into local and statewide historical contexts. The contractor must also submit
black/white photographs and color slides, sketch maps, research files, and a map of the
City of Elk River showing the excavated areas. Developing of film ~s the responsibility of
the contractor. The data collected will be indexed and placed in the care of the Minnesota
Historical Society.
A major goal ofthe work is to provide an opportunity for public participation in an active
investigation, and the contractor must develop an excavation plan for 21 SH0051 that
allows for sustentative hands-on public participation. The contractor must provide
adequate staffing to ensure that the public are properly engaged, instructed and
supervised.
The Contractor must present a preservation plan based on excavation results for
21 SH0051 and the potential aceramic site. The contractor must perform GPS or other
survey of existing sawmill foundations and associated structures at 21 SH0051 and nearby
21SH0053 and submit the data in GIS format.
All work on this project must be in conformance with the following:
. The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and
Historic Preservation, particularly the Standards for Identification, Evaluation,
and Registration published in the Federal Register of September 29, 1983.
. National Register Bulletins 16A and 16B, other applicable bulletins, and the
Minnesota SHPO Supplemental Instructions for the Preparation of the National
Register Form.
. SHPO Manual for Archaeological Projects in Minnesota (June 2001)
A contractor will be selected based on the appropriateness of the submitted research
design, ability to coordinate with educational institutions in regards to public education
on the project's findings, knowledge of Elk River's archaeological resources and how
well it addresses the issues outlined in the RFP.
By April 22. 2005, contractors should submit three copies of their proposals to:
Steven Rohlf
City of Elk River
13065 Orono Parkway
Elk River, MN 55330
(763) 635-1061
Fax: (763) 635-1090
srohlf@ci.elk-river.mn.us
Archaeological Excavation of Two Study Sites, City
of Elk River
Proposal
21 April 2005
Richard M. Rothaus, Ph.D, R.P .A.
Assistant Vice-President for Research
Professor of History
210 Administrative Services
St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud, MN 56301
320-308-4932
rrothaus@stcloudstate.edu
21SH0051 (First Sawmill) in 1887
Background
St. Cloud State University is the second-largest University in the State of Minnesota, and the
largest University in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System, with approximately
700 faculty members and 16,000 students. With an Archaeo10gica11aboratory, a Cultural and
Environmental Landscapes Laboratory, and the Spatial Analysis Research Center (GIS lab),
SCSU is uniquely equipped to conduct archaeological research in Central Minnesota.
Prof. Rothaus has worked extensively in Europe, Asia and North America, and he is one of the
few individuals in Minnesota who meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Standards
for both prehistoric and historic archaeology. In Minnesota, Prof. Rothaus has focused his
research on issues of landscape history and cultural resource management in Central Minnesota,
focusing on the Mille Lacs and Elk River regions. In 2003 he completed a literature search of
prehistoric and historic Elk River, and created an archaeological probability model now being
used as by the City of Elk River as a planning tool. 1 In 2004, Prof. Rothaus conducted a Phase I
archaeological survey in Elk River which confIrmed the veracity of the probability model and
identifIed the fIrst known prehistoric sites in Elk River Township. Nine sites were added to the
offIcial state inventory of archaeological sites as a result of that survey.
SCSU is particularly interested in this project as it meshes well with our educational objectives,
the ongoing research activities of Prof. Rothaus and a continuing partnership with the City of Elk
River and the Sherburne County Historical Society. SCSU does not regular engage in
archaeological contract work, as our primary mission is teaching and research. This project,
however, corresponds nicely with that mission, and we consider this a "value-added"
opportunity.
While all work will be performed by qualifIed individuals fully paid for their time, SCSU will
involve both graduate and undergraduate students as possible. Of particular interest is using this
project to illustrate the real-world elements of archaeological fIeld work. Additionally, this
project calls for substantial public outreach and education. Not only does this fall within the
mission of SCSU, we are particularly eager to engage our students in public education, outreach
and service activities. We believe that students learn best from opportunities for civic
engagement within the context of their studies, and that by providing them with such
opportunities we are preparing the professionals of the future who will incorporate the ideals of
civic responsibility into their lives.
Site Description
Elk River First Sawmill (21 SH00051 ).
This site has been identifIed as the location of the fIrst sawmill and later the fIrst planing mill in
Elk River. See Locations 2 and 9 on Map 1, and Map 2.
1 R. Rothaus, 1. Haug, and 1. McFarlane, '''Prehistoric and Early Historic Heritage of Elk River, Minnesota:
Current Knowledge and Probability Modeling." Minnesota Archaeologist 63 (2004) 97-117.
2
The first sawmill was built by Ard Godfrey and John G. Jameson along the Elk River shortly
after they built the dam. In a September 1851 letter to his wife Nancy, who was also Godfrey's
sister, Jameson says that they had started work on the dam and the gristmill (on the other side of
the river) and would be starting the sawmill either that winter or by the following spring.
Godfrey and Jameson ran the mill together until 1855 when they divided their property. Jameson
took the farm land east of the Elk River while Godfrey kept the mills and the land west of the
river. In 1858 Godfrey sold the mill property to Richard Martin, who then sold the property to
Edward Martin in 1863. The mills were purchased by James B. Mills in 1863 and by George
Albee, Mill's brother-in-law, in 1865.
The first planing mill in Elk River was built in 1873 by Thomas S. and w.e. Nickerson at
approximately the same location as the first sawmill. This first planing mill was destroyed in the
May 1887 fire.
Another planing mill was in operation by 1890 and was most likely in the same location as the
first planing mill. This mill was initially powered by the Elk River but by 1894 a steam plant
was built for additional power. Lumber that was cut at the sawmill on the Mississippi River and
was then brought to this mill for finishing touches. A vast lumber yard occupied the area
between the sawmill and the planing mill. The planing mill operated until 1903 when the
sawmill machinery was sold and the operation shut down. The building was then used as storage
for a number of years by the Houlton family for the farm located near the mill and the offices in
the mill were used as a residence for a time. In March 1923 the planing mill was destroyed by
fire.2
In 2004, Rothaus' team identified the remnants of two building foundations were located along
the south bank of the Elk River that probably could be associated with these early industrial sites.
The first foundation consists of brick and mortar that surrounds a shallow cellar depression. The
foundation measures roughly 5 by 7 meters and sits on a level terrace that appears to have been
graded. No non-structural artifacts were observed.
The second foundation is made of brick, several of which are stamped: "EVENS & HOWARD"
"ST LOUIS". The foundation measures approximately 9 meters wide and is at least 1 0 meters
long. The interior of the foundation consists of a brick floor, now covered with grass.
Additional brick fragments were found along the river shoreline. Many are stamped "EVENS &
HOWARD" "ST LOUIS". The Evens and Howard fire brick company began producing bricks in
1855 (Brick 1904). Several one inch thick iron rods protrude from a slightly elevated platform
within the building's footprint. The rod ends are threaded and stout enough to anchor heavy
machinery, larger than would be expected for farm use. A two inch black pipe also extends from
the building floor.
There is a high probability that additional mid to late nineteenth century industrial features and
cultural deposits exist in the area. Most of the area overlooking Elk River appears to be
2 R. Rothaus, R.M., 1. McFarlane, and J. Haug, Prehistoric and Euroamerican Archaeology of Elk River Township,
Minnesota: Probability Modeling and Reconnaissance Survey, St. Cloud State University, 2005; R. Rothaus, J.
Haug, and 1. McFarlane, '''Prehistoric and Early Historic Heritage of Elk River, Minnesota: Current Knowledge and
Probability Modeling." Minnesota Archaeologist 63 (2004) 97-117.
3
relatively undisturbed. Buried trash dumps, sawdust pits, privy holes and building foundations
related to the milling era are likely to exist.
Methodology and Research Questions
Elk River First Sawmill (21 SH00051 ). Clearing and excavation will seek to answer the
following questions:
1. What are the locations, dimensions, extent and conditions of the building remnants and
floors?
2. Can the remains be identified as the sawmill and/or planning mills identified in historical
records and photos?
3. Can the remains be related to specific phases of these structures?
4. What is the best preservation strategy for these remains?
Investigation of these remains will be conducted in this manner:
1. Area will be cleared of vegetation, including grass covering brick floor. The City of Elk
River will be asked to treat the brick floor area with Roundup or an equivalent herbicide
20 and 5 days prior to this activity.
2. Surface artifacts will be plotted, collected and identified using standard techniques.
3. Architectural remains will be documented using standard techniques.
4. A minimum of two 1m x 1m excavation units will be established at the edges of the brick
floor in a manner that will not damage the floor.
5. A minimum of one additional 1m x 1m excavation will be established in a nearby
location yet to be chosen.
Potential Aceramic Site (Houlton North Field). See Map 3.
Surface examination of this site by Rothaus' team in 2004 noted an extensive scatter oflithic
remains. One of these lithics is a biface tool, possibly an Archaic or Palaeo-Indian projectile
point. The area has been heavily plowed and cultivated. Dating of this lithic scatter remains
most tenuous, and only one surface examination of this site was conducted. The Houlton
North Field lithic scatter is adjacent to the Elk River Oxcart Crossing Site (21SH0055) (see Map
4). While no ceramics were noted in the Houlton North Field, shovel tests in 21SH0055 yielded
indeterminate prehistoric ceramics.
Examination of the Houlton North Field will be conducted to determine:
1. Are there intact soils related to the lithic scatter?
2. Are there ceramic components to this site?
3. Is this a separate site from 21SH0055?
Examination of this site will conducted by:
1. Surface examination and artifact collection.
2. Examination of soil probes made on a grid system established over the area of the lithic
scatter to determine if there are any intact soils remaining.
3. Excavation of a 1m x 1m unit if intact soils are indicated by the soil probe investigation.
4
Riverbank Restoration Monitoring.
The City of Elk River will be conducting a riverbank restoration project in close proximity to
21 SHOOS 1. Rothaus' team will visit the site prior to this project, conduct a Phase I survey, and
clearly delineate an avoidance area around the known architectural remains. Standard
monitoring techniques will be applied during the actual riverbank restoration work.
Public Excavation and Participation
The public will be invited to participate in the excavation of 21 SH0051 using a technique
developed in previous years in cooperation with Sherburne County Historical Society. Public
excavations are tentatively planned for July 8-10 and July 15-17. To participate in the
excavation, individuals will be required to sign up in advance for a minimum of one day of
participation. The ideal scenario would be to have individuals sign up for a three day experience.
This method will yield a minimum of 18 public volunteers who will benefit from an intensive
experience. As some volunteers will not be able to stay all three days, we anticipate
approximately 25-30 volunteers will participate.
Each 1m x 1m excavation unit
will be excavated by three
volunteers. Three trained
archaeologists will be on site to
supervise each excavation unit,
and a fourth supervising
archaeologist will coordinate
the activity. Public volunteers
will be assigned simple
excavation tasks, assist in
screening soil, and assist in
collecting and labeling
artifacts. This will be a hands-
on volunteer experience, and it
is anticipated that volunteers
will do the bulk of the actual excavation work. Obviously, any difficult or sensitive excavation
will need to be done by trained staff.
At 2PM on June 9th and June 16th, public tours of the ongoing excavation will be conducted for
interested individuals who were unable to participate in the hands-on volunteer activity. Based
on attendance at the public archaeology day hosted by Rothaus at the site in 2004, we can
anticipate an attendance of over 100 people for these tours.
Products
Final Report: A comprehensive final report including all necessary maps, photos and supporting
materials will be presented in multiple copies, in color as necessary. Careful attention will be
5
paid to the contextualization of results into local and statewide archaeological and historical
contexts. The report will contain a basic evaluation of the eligibility of the sites for listing on the
National Historic Register. The final report will be presented to will be presented to the City of
Elk River, the Sherburne County Historical Society, and the Minnesota Historical Society.
This report will be prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the SHPO Manual for
Archaeological Projects in Minnesota (June 2001) and will contain:
1. Executive Summary
2. Proiect Description
3. Research Design
4. Literature Search
5. W orkSummarv
6. Results
7. Recommendations
8. Maps
9. Revised Site Inventory Forms
Digital Data: All textual material will be provided in digital as well as paper format. Digital
photos, datasets, maps and GIS coverages will be presented to the City of Elk River, the
Sherburne County Historical Society, and the Minnesota Historical Society.
Presentations. A PowerPoint presentation summarizing the essential points will be presented
upon request to the Elk River Historic Preservation Commission, City Council, and Sherburne
County Historical Society.
Continued Service and Partnership. St. Cloud State University considers community service and
partnerships an important part of its role in the state of Minnesota. It is hoped that this project
will serve as continuation and expansion of existing partnerships with the City of Elk River and
Sherburne County. In simple terms, it also means that this the project will not result in merely a
written report; we will still be here afterwards when questions and issues arise, and we will
continue to serve as we are able.
Proposed Timeline (2005)
Jul
Jul
Jul 15-17
Se tember 12-25
Janu 15
21 SH0051 Public Excavation
Soil testin , Excavation of Houlton North Field
21 SH0051 Public Excavation
Lab Anal sis. of Finds
Final Re ort Submitted
6
Professional Qualifications
The project will be directed by Prof. Richard M. Rothaus of St. Cloud State University. Prof.
Rothaus holds a PhD from Ohio State University and is a Registered Professional Archaeologist.
Prof. Rothaus has worked extensively in Europe, Asia and North America, and he is one of the
few individuals in Minnesota who meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Standards
for both prehistoric and historic archaeology. A full resume can be found at the end of this
document.
Additional staff for the project will be selected as appropriate and necessary. McFarlane
Consulting, LLC will assist St. Cloud State University with this Elk River project, as was done in
2004. All work will be performed by qualified individuals, and field testing will be conducted by
personnel with excavation experience in Minnesota and supervised at all times.
Assurances
All work will be conducted in accordance with:
· The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic
Preservation, with special attention to the Standards for Identification, Evaluation, and
Registration (Federal Register, 29 Sept. 1983).
· National Register Bulletins 16A and 16B, other applicable bulletins, and the Minnesota
SHPO Supplemental Instructions for the Preparation of the national Register Form.
· SHPO Manual for Archaeological Projects in Minnesota (June 2001).
Budget
FacUi and Administrative Costs
$5600
$3840
$5760
$200
$700
Total Direct Costs $16,100
$1932
TOTAL $18032
7
Maps
u
.
,.~
,-
.~......
l!iill..illilo.!il!Mt~
l!IIl4
Map I: Historic Elk River
8
Elk River
Historic Sites
Ii' 1.F'ir$t .'QIir Miil(I lISl-lS6I}
2.Fil'lll S'mtmill (lSSH8R7)
I 3. Mifls md HoWflm F10ur Mill
(1869-11181)
I >t Mi. md Son.Flour Milt (11187-1 SlO3)
I, $, M.iU E1eWl:w{lDI.-l9QS)
: 6. Elk Jt:iVm' Millin$ ~ Mill
I (I90N913)
I 7. teslie FlowMiU(t919-1!tll)
8. Wdlilml Houtmn Sawmill (UI:SS-ISlO3) 1
I 9. Pliimrdl\i Mills (1813-1881. 1890-1923) 1
:1"10. HomIo.:. . ...... . HoWlOll kwmlll (1868-1873) ,
11. 1856 Fcny
12.18S7~
I 13. Lower F<<ry (I86H 906)
114. Pm Upper TO<Wll Cibln (1!t4S)
I IS. ~ lIDl::r ~ (1 84J.1S>I4)
I 16. Atd 00d6e)' SUm; (18SO$)
, 11.Coope;Shop(18?S-19Cl3)
I 13. Stlm':b ~(I~IS9$)
! 19.0W~'Cwnty~
I (1916-19$1)
I
Map 2: 21SH0051 (First Sawmill)
9
Houlton Field North
~4m@
t'W,*ffi;i{:" h~~JJ:M1f,;
~tMc:
RHtttlI_ :rtmtqtl~
N
1
Map 3: Houlton Field North (potential Aceramic Site)
10
Map 4: Elk River Oxcart Crossing Site (2ISH0055)
11
720 4TH AVE SOUTH. OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS. ST. CLOUD STATE
UNIVERSITY. ST. CLOUD, MN 56301-4498
PHONE 320-308-4932 . FAX 320-308-5292 . E-MAIL RROTHAUS@STCLOUDSTATE.EDU
RICHARD M. ROTHAUS
RESEARCH AND TEACHING INTERESTS
Mediterranean history; Roman history; Greek history; Environmental
and Landscape history; Ancient Maritime history; Palaeo-seismology.
EDUCATION
Ph.D.
M.A.
B.A.
History, The Ohio State University.
Classics, Vanderbilt University.
English and Classics, The Florida State University.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
1993
1989
1985
2000-present
Interim Assistant Vice-Presidentfor Research and Faculty
Development. St. Cloud State University.
Professor. Department of History. St. Cloud State University.
Associate Professor. Department of History. St. Cloud State
University.
Registered Professional Archaeologist.
Director. Archaeological Computing Laboratory. St. Cloud
State University.
Assistant Professor. Department of History. St. Cloud State
University.
Visiting Assistant Professor. Department of History. Oklahoma
State University.
PUBLICATIONS
2003-present
1999-2002
1998-present
1996-present
1995-1999
1993-1995
T. Tartaron, T.E. Gregory, D.S. Pullen, J.S. Noller, R. Rothaus, L. Diacopoulos,
J. Rife, R. Schon, W. Caraher, D. Pettegrew, and D. Nakassis, "The
Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey: Integrated Methods for a
Dynamic Landscape." Hesperia. Accepted.
R. Rothaus, "Argos", "Corcyra/Corfu", "Corinth/Carinthia", "Kenchreai",
"Epidauros", "Sikyon". Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and
Archaeology. P. C. Finney, ed. New York: Garland Publishers,
12
forthcoming.
R. Rothaus, J. Haug, and J. McFarlane, '''Prehistoric and Early Historic
Heritage of Elk River, Minnesota: Current Knowledge and Probability
Modeling." Minnesota Archaeologist 63 (2004) 97-117.
R. Rothaus, E. Reinhardt and 1. Noller, "Regional Considerations of Coastline
Change, Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast ofthe
Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)."
Natural Hazards 31 (2004) 233-252.
R. Rothaus, T. Tartaron, E. Reinhardt and J. Noller, "A Geoarchaeological
Approach for Detecting Prehistoric Aegean Harbors." Metron:
Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age. Aegaeum 24 (2003).
T. Tartaron, R. Rothaus, and D. Pullen, "Searching for Prehistoric Aegean
Harbors with GIS, Geomorphology, and Archaeology." Athena Review 4
(2003) 27-36.
R. Rothaus and D. Gold, "'The Grave Was Unmarked And Had Long Been
Forgotten': The First Protestant Cemetery Of St. Cloud, Minnesota (21-
SN-0136)." Minnesota Archaeologist 60 (2002) 23-50.
R. Rothaus, "The Kenchreai Glass Opus Sectile Panels and the Culture of Late
Antique Greece." Hyalos, Vitrum, Glass: History, Technology and
Conservation of Glass and Vitreous Materials in the Hellenic World, ed.
G. Kordas, 205-208. Athens: Glasnet, 2002.
R. Rothaus, "Surface Survey and Landscape Archaeology at Mille Lacs
Kathio." Minnesota Archaeologist 60 (2001) 45-54.
R. Rothaus and A. DeMorett, "Site Detection, Land Cover Mapping, and
Archaeological Modeling with Landsat TM Multispectral Imagery."
Remote Sensing in Archaeology, ed. S. Campana and M. Forte, 149-180.
Firenze: Edizioni All'Insegna Del Giglio, 2001.
R. Rothaus, Corinth, The First City of Greece: An Urban History of Late
Antique Cult and Religion. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000.
R. Rothaus, Guide to Intermit and Advance Media Resources for World History.
2nd Edition. Longmann, 1999.
R. Rothaus, Review ofP. Castren, Post-Herulian Athens. Klio 78 (1996) 35-6.
R. Rothaus, Guide to Internet and Advance Media Resources for World History.
HarperCollins, 1996.
R. Rothaus, "Earthquakes and Temples in Late Antique Corinth." Earthquakes
in the Archaeological Record: Palaeoseismological and Archaeological
Aspects, 1991. British School at Athens, 1995.
R. Rothaus, "Christianization and De-paganization: Conceptual Frontiers in
Late Antiquity." Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity, ed. R.W. Mathisen
and H.S. Sivan, 281-291. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996.
S. Stiros, P. Pirazzoli, S. Papageorgiou, J. Laborel, R. Rothaus and M. Arnold,
"On the Date of the Construction of Lechaion, Western Harbour of
13
Ancient Corinth, Greece." Georchaeology 11.3 (1996) 251-263.
R. Rothaus, "Lechaion, Western Port of Corinth: A Brief Archaeology and
History." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 14.3 (1995) 293-306.
R. Rothaus, "Urban Space, Agricultural Space and Villas in Late Roman
Corinth." Structures rurales et societes antiques. Actes du Colloque de
Cor/ou (14-16 Mai 1992). Annales litteraires de l'Universite de
Best;anon. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1993.
R. Rothaus, "Omne Ignotum Pro Sacro: Gameboards and Religious Graffiti."
Oxford Journal of Archaeology 11.3 (1992) 365-368.
R. Rothaus, "The Single Burial ofPolyneices." Classical Journal 85 (1990)
209-217.
PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS
R. Rothaus. "Prehistoric and Early Historic Heritage of Elk River, Minnesota:
Current Knowledge and Probability Modeling." Preserve Minnesota:
25th Annual Statewide Historic Preservation Conference. September,
2004.
D. Pullen, T. Tartaron, J. Noller, and R. Rothaus. "Vayia - A Fortified Early
Bronze Age Harbor Site." Archaeological Institute of America. January,
2004.
R. Rothaus, J. Cummings and D. Mather. "Partnerships in Public Archaeology:
Research, Education and Interpretation at Mille Lacs Kathio State Park."
Midwest Archaeological Conference. October, 2002.
R. Rothaus, E. Reinhardt and T. Tartaron. "A Geoarchaeological Approach for
Detecting Prehistoric Aegean Harbors." Metron: Measuring the Aegean
Bronze Age. Yale University, 2002.
T. Tartaron, D. Pullen, R. Rothaus, D. Nakassis and A. Dill. "Patterns in the
Later Prehistory of the Korinthia." Archaeological Institute of America.
January, 2002.
R. Rothaus, "Modeling the Prehistoric Landscape of the Ancient Corinthia."
Anthropology Department. Yale University. November 2001.
E. Reinhardt, K. Chomicki and R. Rothaus, "Foraminiferal Applications in
Coastal Archaeology." Geological Society of America. November 2001.
R. Rothaus, "The Kenchreai Glass Opus Sectile Panels and the Culture of Late
Antique Greece." Hyalos-Glass-Vitrum Conference. Rhodes, Greece,
2001.
N. Rauh, K. Slane, E. Lyding Will and R. Rothaus, "Amphora Production in
Western Rough Cilicia." Archaeological Institute of America. January
2001.
R. Rothaus, "Archaeological Surface Survey at Lake Ogeechie: Prehistoric and
Historic Results." Midwest Archaeological Conference, 2000.
R. Rothaus, "Anthropogenic and Geomorphic Harbor Sequences in the
14
Korinthia of Greece." American Association for the Advancement of
Science Annual Meeting, February 2000.
R. Rothaus, "Site Detection, Land Cover Mapping, and Archaeological
Modeling with Landsat TM Multispectral Imagery." Remote Sensing in
Archaeology Seminar. Certosa di Pontignano - Siena (Italy), 6-11
December 1999.
R. Rothaus, 1. Noller, L. Wells and E. Reinhardt. "On the Subsidence of
Kenchreai." IGCP 367. Corinth, Greece. September, 1998.
R. Rothaus, "GIS Applications for the Study of Cultural Landscapes."
Perceptions of the Cultural Landscape. Corfu, Greece. September, 1998.
R. Rothaus, "GIS and Database Applications in Minnesota Archaeology."
Archaeological Institute of America. December, 1997.
J. Noller, L. Wells, E. Reinhardt and R. Rothaus, "Subsidence of the harbor at
Kenchreai, Saronic Gulf, Greece, during the earthquakes of AD 400 and
AD 1928." EOS 1997.
R. Rothaus, "The Eastern Corinthia in the Early Byzantine Period." Greece and
Cyprus in the Light of Recent Surveys and Digs, Dumbarton Oaks
Colloquium. April, 1997.
R. Rothaus, "The Greek Harbors of the Corinthia: Geophysical and
Archaeological Considerations." Archaeological Institute of America.
December, 1996.
R. Rothaus, "Mutilation of Sculpture in Late Antiquity: Images and Power."
22nd Annual Byzantine Studies Conference. October, 1996.
R. Rothaus, "Kenchreai Excavations 1994-1996." Archaeological Institute of
America. December 1995.
R. Rothaus, "The Early Christian Basilica at Kenchreai." 21 st Annual Byzantine
Studies Conference. November, 1995.
R. Rothaus, "Christianization in Corinth: Problems in Definition and Cult
Practice." Association of Ancient Historians. Nashville, TN. May 1995.
R. Rothaus, "Christianization and De-paganization: ConceptUal Frontiers in
Late Antiquity." Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity. Lawrence, KA.
March 1995.
R. Rothaus, "The so-called "Aphrodision" and "Isaeum" of Kenchreai, Greece."
Archaeological Institute of America. December 1994.
R. Rothaus, "Italians and the Epanastasis in Corinth." 7th Symposium of History
and Art, Monemvasiotikos Homilos. Monemvasia, Greece, July 1994.
ONGOING MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
Maritime Trade on the Southern Arabian Coast. Oman. 2003-present
Archaeological, geomorphological and environmental
investigation of the harbors and maritime trade routes that
connected the ancient Mediterranean world to Arabia, India
15
and China, and facilitated cultural transmission. We are
testing the hypothesis that in the past a different climate
created advantageous coastal conditions that facilitated
seaborne trade. With E. Reinhardt, McMaster University,
and T. Vosmer, Omani Ministry of Heritage and Culture.
Ancient Harbors and Coastline Change. Corinth, Greece. 1998-present
Archaeological and historical research with palaeo-seismic,
geomorphological and micropalaeontological components.
With E. Reinhardt, McMaster University and J. Noller,
Oregon State University. Fieldwork is done and the focus
now is on lab analysis and publications.
Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey. Corinth, Greece. 1998-present
A multidisciplinary and multi-institutional regional study of
one of the most continually inhabited spots on the planet.
Primary responsibility for satellite remote sensing, aerial
photography, GIS, data interpretation and landscape history.
Large field seasons have ended and the project is focusing
now on specific issues and preparing publications.
Kathio Cultural Landscapes Project. Onamia, Minnesota. 1997-present
A co-operative partnership with the Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources-Parks and Recreation, and the Mille
Lacs Band of Ojibwe to study and document human and
landscape history. Annual co-operative fieldwork is
conducted as part of an ongoing seminar at St. Cloud State
University.
The Ohio State University Excavations at Isthmia. Corinth, 1994-present
Greece.
Assistant Director. On-going excavation and study of one of
the four great Panhellenic sanctuaries from the ancient
world. Responsibilities include research and organizational
duties. Activity is largely on hiatus to accommodate other
activities in Greece. (see above)
COMPLETED MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
Purdue University Rough Cilicia Regional Survey Project.
Gazipasha, Turkey.
Served as the ceramic specialist for a multi-university
expedition. Publication is in process.
Earthquake Damage and Landscape Change Evaluation.
Gujarat, India.
A multidisciplinary investigation following a catastrophic
seismic event, with E. Reinhardt, McMaster University.
1997-2001
2000
16
Earthquake Damage and Landscape Change Evaluation. 1999
Duzc;e, Turkey.
A multidisciplinary investigation following a catastrophic
seismic event, in partnership with J. Noller, Vanderbilt
University.
Earthquake Damage and Landscape Change Evaluation. 1999
GolC;uk, Turkey.
A multidisciplinary investigation following a catastrophic
seismic event, in partnership with E. Reinhardt, McMaster
University.
St. Cloud State University Learning Resource Center Cemetery 1999
Excavation. St. Cloud, Minnesota.
Excavation of a mid_19th century Euro-american cemetery
from the early settlement of St. Cloud.
Human Environmental Landscape Project: Rio Platano 1999-2000
Biosphere. Honduras.
Use of Landsat TM imagery to detect residual patterns of
agriculturallifeways in the rainforest. Remote Sensing
component completed and published, but ground-truthing
has been indefinitely delayed.
Kenchreai Glass Opus Sectile Panels Conservation Project. 1997
Kenchreai, Greece.
Directed re-evaluation of unique glass opus sectile panels
excavated in the 1960' s, under the auspices of the American
School of Classical Studies and Greek Ministry of Culture
and in cooperation with Indiana University, the Corning
Museum of Glass, and the Smithsonian Institution.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Athens, Greece. 1990-1992
Archival and field research on late antique religion as
associate member and Gennadeion Fellow.
GRANTS, CONTRACTS, AND AWARDS
Mille Lacs Indian School Data Recovery Project. Minnesota 2005
Historical Society. $19,500.
Field Testing an Archaeological Predictive Model for Elk River, 2004
Minnesota. City of Elk River. $10,000.
An Archaeological Predictive Model for Elk River, Minnesota. 2003
City of Elk River. $13,000.
Cultural and Environmental Landscapes Lab: A Learning 2002
Community.
Minnesota State Colleges and Universities Center for
17
Teaching Excellence. $5000. M Julius, co-P.I.
Cultural and Environmental Landscapes Lab: A Learning 2002
Community.
St. Cloud State University Foundation. $3500. M Julius,
co-P.I.
Prehistoric and Ancient Harbors in the Eastern Korinthia
(Greece): A Geoarchaeological Approach for Determining
Maritime Trade Patterns.
Foundation for the Exploration and Research on Cultural
Origins. $8000. T. Tartaron and E. Reinhardt, co-P.I. 's.
Prehistoric and Ancient Harbors in the Eastern Korinthia
(Greece): A Geoarchaeological Approach for Determining
Maritime Trade Patterns.
Foundation for the Exploration and Research on Cultural
Origins. $2000. T. Tartaron and E. Reinhardt, co-P.L's.
Human Environmental Landscape Project: Rio Platano
Biosphere.
St. Cloud State University Foundation. $4000.
Remote Sensing in Archaeology Conference.
. St. Cloud State University Foundation. $1500.
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society.
Study and Evaluation of Cultural Landscapes.
European Union-U.S. Dept. ofEducation/FIPSE. Ajoint
program with University of Paris IV, University of
Besan9on, Ionian University, The Ohio State University,
Kenyon College and Florida State University. $160,000.
Participant. T. Gregory, P.L
Conservation Analysis of the Kenchreai (Greece) Glass Opus
See tile Panels.
Samuel H. Kress Foundation. $4000.
Gennadeion Fellowship.
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
The Ohio State University Excavations at Isthmia. Corinth,
Greece.
Served as senior staff member and supervised excavation
and artifact study.
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1996
1994
1990
1989-1994
Courses Taught
Ancient Civilizations (lower division).
18
Ancient Religion (upper division).
Ancient Corinth (upper division/graduate).
Computer Applications in History and Archaeology (lower-upper
division/graduate).
Greek History (upper division).
Historical and Critical Writing (upper division/graduate).
Medieval History (upper division/graduate).
Middle Eastern History (upper division/graduate).
Minnesota Settlement Patterns (upper division/graduatelhonors).
Roman History (upper division).
Western Civilization, Parts I and II (lower division).
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
Academic Affairs Council
Committee for the Retention and Recruitment of Minority
Students
Institutional Review-Board for the Protection of Human Subjects
Applied Research Committee
Council for Minnesota Archaeology
Board of Directors, Spatial Analysis Research Center. St. Cloud
State University. .
Provost Search Committee
Strategic Planning Key Performance Indicators Committee
History Department Graduate Advisor
History Department Graduate Committee
History Department Undergraduate Advisor
Faculty Search Committees (three)
M.A. THESES SUPERVISED
2000-present
2003-present
2000-present
2000-present
1999-present
1 996-present
2002
2001
1998-2000
1998-2000
1996-1998
1998-2000
The St. Cloud State Library Pioneer Cemetery. Jaime Yap. 2004
Life in the Mille Lacs Area during the Depression. Dennis 2002
Green.
Constantine and the Christian Revolution. Michael Coenen. 2002
A Cultural Landscape Reconstruction of Mille Lacs, Kathio. 2002
Amber DeMorett.
19
Radar Remote Sensing in Archaeological Research: A Case 2001
Study in Mesopotamia. Carrie Hritz.
Homesteads and Land Evolution at Mille Lacs Kathio. Sara 1999
Markou Hansen.
LANGUAGES
English, Greek (modem), Greek (ancient), Latin, French (reading), German
(reading).
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Archaeological Institute of America
Association for Environmental Archaeology
Association of Ancient Historians
Council for Minnesota Archaeology
Council for Undergraduate Research
National Council of University Research Administrators
Past Global Changes Project
Register of Professional Archaeologists
Society of Research Administrators
REFERENCES
Prof. Timothy E. Gregory. Department of History. The Ohio State University.
Columbus, OH 43210. (614) 292-1941. gregory.4@osu.edu
Prof. Thomas Tartaron. Department of Anthropology. Yale University. New
Haven, CT 06520. (203) 432-3676. thomas.tartaron@yale.edu.
Prof. Eduard G. Reinhardt. School of Geography and Geology. McMaster
University. West Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1. (905) 525-9140.
ereinhar@mcmaster.ca.
Prof. Don Hofsommer. Department of History. St. Cloud State University. St.
Cloud, MN 56301. (320) 308-4906.
Provost Michael Spitzer. St. Cloud State University. St. Cloud, MN 56301.
(320) 308-3143. mspitzer@stcloudstate.edu
20
SCOPE OF WORK AND COST ESTIMATE FOR CONDUCTING A PUBLIC
ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM IN ELK RIVER, MINNESOTA
INTRODUCTION
10,000 Lakes Archaeology, LLC is pleased to offer the following scope of work and cost
estimate to conduct a public archaeology program in Elk River, Minnesota. The goals of
this project include:
. Conduct a public archaeology program
. Evaluate the public program site for National Register eligibility
All field methods and reporting will comply with guidelines set forth by the Minnesota
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) and the Federal government. 10,000 Lakes
Archaeology's personnel meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for historic and
precontact archaeology, history, and architectural history. Our team has 50 years
combined experience in archaeology, including industrial archaeology, and working with
the public.
PROJECT~AGEMENT
Amanda Gronhovd will serve as Principal Investigator for the excavations in Elk River
(please see Attachment 1: Qualifications). Ms Gronhovd will conduct and supervise all
project work, provide oversight, quality control, logistical coordination, and consultation
to researchers and excavators, and will coordinate and consult with the City of Elk River
on a daily or weekly basis as necessary. She will also manage the assessment, provide
National Register eligibility recommendations, and write the report.
LITERATURE AND ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
10,000 Lakes Archaeology will conduct literature and archival research at the State
Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS) and other
appropriate institutions, and agencies. County and city histories, the SHPO site files,
topographic maps, aerial photographs, Trygg maps, and historic plat maps are examples
of sources that might be consulted during this phase of the assessment. This background
research will allow archaeologists to place the site into its appropriate cultural and
historical context before conducting fieldwork. The final report will include specific
resources examined and the results of that research.
FIELDWORK
10,000 Lakes Archaeology is enthusiastic about the prospect of facilitating a public
archaeology program for the City of Elk River. Investigations at the site chosen for the
public excavations will attempt to define the site's extent, chronology, and function by
conducting goo-physics surveys, archaeological excavation, and historical research.
10,000 14kes Atchaeology
1
10,000 Lakes Archaeology proposes that the public archaeology program take place over
one two-day weekend, with the possibility of limited public involvement for the two days
immediately preceding the program. 10,000 Lakes Archaeology proposes that the public
archaeology program consist of a geophysical survey, archaeological excavations, and
mappmg.
Geovhvsical Survey
10,000 Lakes Archaeology proposes that geophysical surveys be included in the public
archaeology program. These surveys would be conducted by Archaeo-Physics, LLC. The
goal of the Geophysical survey will be to locate and map subsurface archaeological
features in support of a public archaeology program. Public participation in all aspects of
the geophysical investigation will be encouraged, and the results of the survey will be
presented to the public upon the conclusion of fieldwork.
The geophysical investigation will cover a minimum of I acre and a maximum of 4 acres.
The general procedure to perform the instigation will be to divide the survey area into a
series of square or rectangular survey "grids." Each grid will be surveyed by taking
readings at regular intervals along regularly spaced transect. Successive transects will be
surveyed until the grid is completed. The value and position of each data point will be
automatically recorded in digital format by the geophysical instruments. These data will
then be used to construct a fmal composite digital image of the entire survey area. The
geophysical control grid will be placed by Archaeo-Physics personnel prior to the
investigation using an electronic total station.
The investigation will utilize at least 2 of the following 3 survey methods; electrical
resistance, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and/or magnetic field gradient. The two
methods that are deemed most appropriate to the field conditions at the site (as
determined after an initial site visit) will be selected. The results of the geophysical
investigation will be presented to the public in the field, and also included in the final
report. The geophysical section of the final report will explain the methods used during
the investigation, present the results as high-resolution graphics, and provide detailed
interpretations of the survey results.
The geophysical survey will take up to four days, and will begin two days prior to the
full-scale public archaeology program. Public participation during the preliminary two-
day survey is encouraged, but the number of participants will need to be limited. (The
public participation during the full-scale public program will not require such
limitations.) The inclusion of the geophysical survey in the public archaeology program
assumes the survey area is relatively free of trees, brush, and other obstacles. If the site
contains trees, brush or other obstacles, the city will need to be clear the brush, in
consultation with the archaeologists, prior to the geophysical fieldwork and public
archaeology program.
10,000 14kes Arch4eology
2
Archaeological Excavations
The archaeology portion of the public program will be based on the initial results of the
geophysical testing, and would consist of a maximum of six I by I-meter excavation
units. Depending on the results ofthe geophysical survey, other survey/excavation
techniques might occur in addition to or in place of the formal excavation units, as
appropriate. These might include the excavation of foundation/wall lines, shovel testing,
or surface surveying. These investigations would attempt to identify the nature, extent
and depth of the site however the primary goal of the project would be to allow the public
to learn about their past through archaeology and geophysics.
10,000 Lakes Archaeology will follow standard excavation protocol for all investigations,
including:
. Screening intact soils (as opposed to modem fillor overburden) through Y4 inch
hardware cloth;
. Mapping site features and excavation locations;
. Photographing the site, features, and excavated units
. Recording excavation notes and features on standardized forms
Excavations will attempt to assess whether the site is eligible for the National Register of
Historic Places (NRHP).
Amanda Gronhovd, Timothy Tumberg, and Stacy Allen will guide the public through
their archaeology experience, and David Maki or Jeffery Jones will conduct the
geophysical surveys with the assistance of the public participants and archaeologists, as
appropriate (please see Attachment I: Qualifications).
LABORATORY WORK
This proposal does not include costs for processing (cleaning, cataloging, and
accessioning) or curating artifacts because curation fees and processing requirements can
vary dramatically depending on where the artifacts are curated. It is important to note that
curation facilities might require signed forms from the landowner before accepting
archaeological collections removed from privately owned land. For example, if Elk River
wants to have the artifacts donated to the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS), the City
will need to acquire a signed donation form from the landowner prior to MHS accepting
the collection.
FINAL REpORT
At the conclusion of the project, 10,000 Lakes Archaeology will submit up to three
copies ofthe final report to the City of Elk River. The final report will include:
. An updated Minnesota Archaeological Site Form
. Site context
. Description of the project area
. Results of the literature review
. Results of the geophysical survey
. Results of the archaeological investigations
10,000 ukesArchqeo/agy
3
10,000 Lakes Archaeology will also attempt to make recommendations as to whether the
site is eligible for the National Register. Although National Register eligibility has high
priority, the primary goal of this project is to expose the public to archaeology and allow
them to learn about and appreciate their city's history. All maps, sketches, notes, and
photographs will be submitted at the conclusion of the project.
ADDITIONAL AsSUMPTIONS
1. The City of Elk River will provide all necessary insurance to cover possible
accidents, i~uries, etc. for the pubic during the public archaeology program
2. The City of Elk River will acquire landowner permission.
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS: $10,000.00
1QOOO Lqkes Atchqeology
4
ATTACHMENT 1: QUALIFICATIONS
AMANDA GRONHOVD
Ms. Gronhovd has over fifteen years of diverse cultural resource experience, including
the excavation and recordation of precontact, historic, and industrial sites in Minnesota,
North Dakota, Michigan, Iowa, Arizona, New Mexico, and the Caribbean. Her particular
area of expertise is the industrial archaeology and history of the Upper Midwest, and has
experience with public archaeology projects. Amanda has been involved in public
archaeology projects including supervising participants in the Passport in Time program
(National Park Service), and creating a public archaeology program for the Minneapolis
Park and Recreation Board's industrial complex, Mill Ruins Park.
In addition to her studies in these areas, she has worked extensively with archival
collections, including organizing and computerizing document and artifact collections,
drafting collection policy, and recommending strategies for collection management. Ms.
Gronhovd has also recorded numerous farmsteads, houses and other structures
throughout the Upper Midwest, researched, surveyed and excavated industrial sites in the
Caribbean, and conducted all phases of archaeological research on both precontact and
historic sites.
As an archaeologist and historian, she has extensive experience in reviewing proposed
development projects to ensure compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act
and other legislative and regulatory frameworks, and meets the Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for pre-historic and historic archaeology, architectural history, and history. Ms.
Gronhovd has authored many cultural resource management reports and professional
papers, and plays active roles in both the Society for Historical Archaeology and the
Society for Industrial Archaeology.
STACY ALLAN
Stacy Allan has over nineteen years of archaeological experience with increasing levels
of responsibility. She has managed and conducted a wide variety of cultural resource
surveys and site testing in hundreds of project areas throughout Minnesota. Sites include
pre-contact American Indian heritage, fur trade, military, and rural historic. She is
experienced in conducting archaeological laboratory research, analyzing data, and
interpreting field results. Ms. Allan is an experienced collections manager and has
developed protocols for cataloging artifacts. She is familiar with and has used a variety
of computer tools, including GIS, to display archaeological project data and provide site
information. Her broad-based archaeological work with the Minnesota Department of
Natural Resources and the Minnesota Historical Society has provided ample opportunity
for successful interaction with numerous state agencies, volunteers, and the general
public.
TIMOTHY TUMBERG
Tim Tumberg has more than 15 years of archaeological fieldwork experience. Most of
that experience is in the Upper Midwest, but he has also worked in Arizona, California,
and on the Caribbean island of Nevis. Mr. Tumberg has conducted site evaluation and/or
1QOOO 14kes Archaeology
5
mitigation excavations at more than a dozen historic period sites, and he has extensive
experience working with the public on historic site excavations. He worked as a field
crew chief on a 3-month excavation at Crow Wing State Park in central Minnesota, and
he has spent the majority of two other field seasons working on excavations at two
different highly visible and highly visited state-owned historic sites in Upper Michigan.
In addition to practical field experience, his main research interest is on Euro-American
mining sites, and he has co-authored two professional journal articles on the Great Lakes
copper and iron industries.
10,00014kesAtchiieo/ogy
6
AMANDA M. GRONBOVD
EDUCATION
M.S. - Industrial Archaeology, 2001, Michigan Technological University, Houghton
B.A. - Anthropology, August 1991, Minnesota State University, Moorhead
CONTlNUlNG EDUCATlON, SPEClALlZED TRAlNlNG AND VOLUNTEERlNG
. Cooperative Stewardship Workshop: Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota
Indian Affairs Council, Council for Minnesota Archaeology, 2005
. Archaeology Department Volunteer: Minnesota Historical Society, S1. Paul,
2004-present
. GIS Certification: St. Cloud State University, Minnesota, 1999
. Historical Archaeology: Historical Ceramics Workshop (George Miller
instructor), 1997
. Industrial History and Archaeology (1996-1998): Including "Industrial
Archaeology," "History of Technology," and "Anthropology of Industry"
. Contemporary American Indian Movements (University of Minnesota), 1995
. NAGPRA: Implications and Practical Applications (University of Nevada, Reno)
1996
EXPERlENCE
OwnerlPrincipal Investigator
10,000 Lakes Archaeology, South S1. Paul, MN, 1998-present
. Serve as Principal Investigator on archaeological and architectural history projects
. Perform and/or supervise all aspects of the business and cultural resources
projects, including marketing, invoicing, proposal preparation, client contact,
research, fieldwork, and report preparation
. Prepared proposals, bids, and negotiated contracts
. Conducted and directed archival research, historic and prehistoric archaeological
surveys, and testing
Projed-Specific Experience
~ Analysis of the historic artifacts associated with the Lincoln Farmstead,
recovered from the Lincoln Mounds Site, Bloomington, Minnesota
~ Excavations at the Lincoln Mounds Site, Bloomington, Minnesota
~ Construction monitoring in the vicinity of a potential historic Ojibwe
cemetery , Vermilion, Minnesota
~ Documented and researched the historic Croft Mine. This project also
included assessing and cataloging the Mine's artifact and document
collections, and making recommendations about the collection's storage,
security, and overall collection policy
Archaeologist
Minnesota Historical Society, S1. Paul, MN, 2004
. Served as a archaeologist/researcher for the Minnesota Historical Society's
Archaeology Department
Projed-Specific Experience
10,000 Lilkes Atchqeology
7
~ Assisted the MnDNR's Trails and Waterways Archaeologist (through the
Minnesota Historical Society) conduct field surveys, edit, format, and
produce technical reports, and create a database of current projects
Conducted rtfsearch and created a database of information pertaining to over three
decades of excavations at Fort Snelling
Principal Investigator
Summit Envirosolutions, Inc., S1. Paul, MN, 2002-2004
. Serve as Principal Investigator on archaeological and architectural history projects
. Perform and/or supervise all aspects of cultural resources projects, including
proposal preparation, client contact, research, fieldwork, and report preparation
Project-Specific Experience
~ Developed a public archaeology program for the Minneapolis Park and
Recreation Board in the Mill Ruins Historic District at S1. Anthony Falls,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
~ Assessed the potential significance of the standing structures within the
Area of Potential Effect of a proposed highway project in North S1. Paul,
Minnesota
~ Conducted an architectural history survey of a school in Duluth,
Minnesota, which resulted in the building being deemed potentially
eligible for the National Register
~ Assessed the standing structures and conducted archaeological testing
within the Area of Potential Effect of a proposed road project in central
Minnesota (1 week)
~ Excavated and assessed the National Register eligibility of a prehistoric
site and a historic sawmill site in the Red River Valley
Principal Investigator
Loucks Associates, Maple Grove, MN, 2001-2002
. Served as Principal Investigator on archaeological and architectural history
projects
. Performed all aspects of cultural resources projects, including proposal
preparation, client contact, research, fieldwork, and report preparation
Project-Specific Experience
~ Inventoried and assessed the historical and architectural significance of a
neighborhood for S1. Cloud, Minnesota's Historic Preservation
Commission
~ Inventoried the standing structures within 1 Yz-mile radius of numerous
proposed cell tower sites throughout Iowa
~ Conducted the artifact analysis of two historic farmstead sites in Kansas
~ Wrote the research design and excavation plan for the mitigation of two
National Register sites (a historic hotel and a store) in Grand Forks, North
Dakota
~ Excavated and assessed the National Register Significance of a prehistoric
archaeological site along the Mississippi River in Central Minnesota
10,000 14kesArchqeology
8
Archaeology Crew Chief/Quality Assurance Officer
Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, AZ, 1999~2001
. Developed and standardized Quality Assurance procedures for large excavations,
and co~authored a comprehensive excavation manual
. Supervised the recordation of large-scale excavations, managed the excavation
documentation to ensure complete and accurate data, and maintained a database
of this information
. Conducted archival research
. Served as crew chief on archaeological projects
Project-Specific Experience
~ Researched, surveyed, and re~assessed the boundaries of a historic
nineteenth century canal system listed on the National Register (the
Carlsbad Canals in New Mexico)
~ Analyzed the artifacts from excavations at the historic Brookside~ Vache
winery in California
~ Mapped and assessed presumed Native American, prehistoric trails in
northwestern Arizona
~ Excavated and served as quality assurance officer during the mitigation of
the prehistoric (Hohokam) Badger Hole Site in Tucson, Arizona
~ Excavated and served as quality assurance officer during the mitigation of
the prehistoric Marsh Station Site south of Tucson, Arizona
~ Excavated and served as quality assurance officer during the mitigation of
9 prehistoric sites for the Arizona Department of Transportation. The
project involved the excavation of several hundred square meters o~ 9
prehistoric sites. These excavations also mitigated up to 50 Native
American burials per site.
~ Assessed the potential National Register eligibility of a prehistoric
(Hohokam) archaeological site in Tucson, Arizona
Archaeologist
Loucks & Associates, Inc., Maple Grove, MN, 1998-1999
. Supervised the archaeology laboratory, lab workers, and interns
. Developed an artifact cataloging system and prepared collections for curation
. Conducted all phases of archaeological fieldwork, including burial mitigations
and repatriations
. Conducted National Environmental Protection Act compliance surveys
10,000 14kesArch<Jeo/ogy
9
Project-Specific Experience
~ Excavated and analyzed artifacts from a prehistoric (Archaic and
Woodland) archaeological site in Bloomington, Minnesota, including the
mitigation and repatriation of Native American burials
~ Excavated and analyzed artifacts from a prehistoric Dakota site near Mille
Lacs, Minnesota
Teaching and Research Assistant
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 1996-1998
. Co-authored and edited archaeological reports
. Conducted lectures, discussions, and help sessions for archaeology and history
students
. Tutored students, and graded exams, quizzes, and assignments
. Cataloged and entered collections into the University's curation facility
Project-Specific Experience
~ Documented the physical features of the Soudan Mine, and researched its
history. This project included significant archival research pertaining to
the communities of Tower and Soudan and the iron industry. This research
resulted in a discussion on how economics and politics affected the
development of the community and the Soudan Mine
~ Researched the historic Quincy Smelter in Hancock, Michigan (2 weeks)
~ Documented the structural remains and excavated a 17th-18th century
sugar processing site
~ Analyzed artifacts recovered from a mid-1800s historic copper mining site
(Ohio Trap Rock Mine)
~ Excavated a 19th century iron processing site in the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan
Intern
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Soudan Mine State Park, 1997
. Cataloged collections
. Set up the Park's archives, and established treatment policies
Project-Specific Experience
~ Cataloged, computerized, and stabilized the mine's historic document
collection
~ Authored technical guides to the mine's document collection
~ Recommended archival strategies for managing the site's collection
Archaeologist and Historian
BRW, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 1995-1996
. Supervised historic and pre-historic archaeological surveys
. Performed historic structure and historic district reviews
. Authored and edited archaeological and historical site reports
. Conducted archival and records research on archaeological and historical sites
. Developed and authored guides to cataloging, tracking, and curating artifacts.
Project-Specific Experience
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~ Excavated, conducted archival research, and assessed the National
Register significance of a prehistoric (Woodland) site for a proposed trail
in near Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
~ Conducted archival research of the Area of Potential Effect and tested
historical archaeology sites along TH 14 and its proposed alternate routes
near Waseca, Minnesota
~ Re-assessed the structures within a Hastings, Minnesota National Register
of Historic Places District to determine whether the district boundaries
should be expanded or remain unchanged
Archaeologist
Minnesota Historical Society, Trunk Highway Archaeology Program, St. Paul, MN,
1991-1995
. Co-authored and edited archaeological and historical site reports
. Took part in all Phases of archaeological field work on dozens of projects
. Conducted archival research on cultural resources threatened by highway
construction
. Cataloged and analyzed artifacts recovered from prehistoric and historic
archaeological sites
. Performed historic structure reviews to determine eligibility to the National
Register
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES
. Society for Historical Archaeology . Register of Professional Archaeologists
. Council for Minnesota Archaeology . Society for Industrial Archeology
· Cooperative Stewardship Steering Committee
PUBLICATION
Gronhovd,Amanda
2003 "Industrial Archaeology and the Soudan Mine's No.8 Engine House," In The
Minnesota Archaeologist 62:49-60.
SESSIONS ORGANIZED
"The Society for Industrial Archeology at Thirty Years." Session presented at the 30th
Annual Conference ofthe Society for Industrial Archeology, Washington D.C. May lO-
B, 2001.
SESSIONS CO-CHAIRED
"The Archaeology of Mining." Session presented at the 2005 Conference on Historical
and Underwater Archaeology, York, England. January 5-10, 2005.
PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS
"Taking Control of Your Future." Panel Discussion at the 36th Annual Conference on
Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Providence, Rhode Island. January 14-19, 2003.
Gronhovd, Amanda and Timothy A. Tumberg
1QOOO wkesArch<leo/ogy
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2004 Iron Mining in Minnesota. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of The Society
for Historical Archaeology Conference on Historical and Underwater
Archaeology, St. Louis, Missouri. January 7-11, 2004.
Gronhovd,Amanda
2001 The Soudan Mine and Its No.8 Engine House. Paper presented at the 30th Annual
Conference of the Society for Industrial Archeology, Washington D.C. May 10-
13,2001
Tumberg, Timothy A. and Amanda T. Gronhovd
2000 Bridging the Gap Between Industrial and Historical Archaeology. Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of The Society for Historical Archaeology
Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Quebec City, Canada.
Gronhovd, Amanda and Douglas George
1997 Beaulieu House Site (21 CWI5); The History and Mitigation Excavation at Crow
Wing State Park by the Minnesota Department of Resources (DNR). Paper
presented at the Annual Historical Archaeology Conference of the Upper
Midwest, Red Wing, Minnesota.
BOOK REVIEW
Gronhovd,Amanda
1997 "Review of Equity Issues for Women in Archaeology," edited by Margaret
Nelson, Sarah Nelson, and Alison Wylie. In Historical Archaeology 31 (4): 11 0-2.
REPORTS
Gronhovd,Amanda
2004 Mill Ruins Park Public Archaeology Program, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Summit
Envirosolutions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Submitted to Minneapolis Park and
Recreation Board, Minnesota
Gronhovd, Amanda
2003 Phase 1, and Phase II Cultural Resources Investigations Along the Trunk
Highway 36 Corridor Between McKnight Road and Century Avenue, in the City
of North St. Paul (S.P. # 6211-81), Ramsey County, Minnesota. Summit
Envirosolutions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Submitted to Short Elliot Hendrickson,
Vadnais Heights, Minnesota
Gronhovd, Amanda
2002 Phase I Archaeological Survey for the Proposed Bridge Replacement and Road
Widening Project in Aldrich, Wadena County, Minnesota. Summit
Envirosolutions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Submitted to Short Elliot Hendrickson,
Vadnais Heights, Minnesota
1{2000 14ke5Archqeology
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Lyon, Mollie, Heidi Ekstrom, Amanda Gronhovd, Kent Bakken, Sigrid Amott, and Jeff
Anderson
2002 Phase I Cultural Resources Investigation of a Tieback Levee Alignment, Two
Borrow Areas, and the Valley Golf Course Relocation Area, and Phase II
Evaluation of Site 21PL17, at the City of East Grand Forks, Polk County,
Minnesota. Summit Envirosolutions, St. Paul, Minnesota. Submitted to the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers St. Paul District, Minnesota.
Gronhovd, Amanda, and Michael Madson
2002 Phase VI Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey: St. Cloud, Minnesota.
Loucks Associates, Inc., Maple Grove, Minnesota. Submitted to the City of St.
Cloud, Minnesota.
Gronhovd, Amanda
2002 Architectural History Evaluationfor Potential National Register Eligibility of a
Proposed Cell Tower Site in Cedar, Iowa. Loucks Associates, Inc., Maple Grove,
Minnesota. Submitted to Seneca, Des Moines, Iowa.
Gronhovd,Amanda
2001 A Study in Industrial Archaeology: The Soudan Mine's #8 Engine House. Masters
thesis, Department of Social Science: Industrial Archaeology, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, MI.
Sterner, Matthew A., Matt C. Bischoff, Amanda Gronhovd
2001 The Brookside-Vache Winery: Architectural and Archaeological Testing at a
Nineteenth-Century Winery in Redlands, California. Statistical Research, Inc.,
Tucson, Arizona. Submitted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles
District, California
O'Mack, Scott, Matt C. Bischoff, and Amanda Gronhovd
2000 The Canals of Carlsbad: Historical and Archaeological Evaluation of the
Carlshad Irrigation District Distribution System. Statistical Research, Inc.,
Tucson, Arizona. Submitted to the Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado
Region, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Gronhovd,Amanda
1999 An Archaeological Survey of5225 East Wyoming Street (Parcel #140-01-015A9),
Pima County, Tucson, Arizona. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.
Submitted to R & S Holdings L.L.P., Tucson, Arizona.
Gronhovd, Amanda M. T. and Timothy A. Tumberg
1999 Documenting Minnesota's Third Iron Range: A Collections Catalog and
Management Recommendations for the Croft Mine Historical Park, Cuyuna State
Recreation Area. 10,000 Lakes Archeology, New York Mills, Minnesota.
Submitted to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources: Division of Parks
and Recreation, S1. Paul, Minnesota.
1Qooo 14ke5Arch<ieo/ogy
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Gronhovd,Amanda
1996 Phase I Archaeological Survey of CSAH 5 from its Southern Junction with CSAH
6 to its Junction with TH 10, Lake Park, Secker County, Minnesota. BRW, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Submitted to the Becker County Highway Department,
Minnesota.
Gronhovd,Amanda
1996 Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Sauk Rapids Bike Trail, Benton County,
Minnesota. BRW, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota. Submitted to the Minnesota
Department of Transportation, St. Paul, and the City of Sa uk Rapids, Minnesota.
BRW, Inc. (Amanda Gronhovd, co-author)
1995 T.H 14 Corridor Study; Cultural Resources Technical Report. BRW, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Submitted to the Minnesota Department of
Transportation, S1. Paul, Minnesota.
Maki, Chandra, Amanda Gronhovd, Jackie Sluss, Craig Johnson
1995 Phase I and II Cultural Resources Investigation Along the CSAH 42 Corridor.
(From County Road 87 to T.H 61), Dakota County, Minnesota. BRW, Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Submitted to the Dakota County Highway Department,
Minnesota.
Skaar, Kent, David Mather, Patrick Nunnally, Amanda Gronhovd
1994 Draft Phase I Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report: s.P. 3101,
Itasca County. Minnesota Trunk Highway Cultural Resources Program,
Minnesota Historical Society. Submitted to the Minnesota Department of
Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Skaar, Kent, Patrick Nunnally, and Amanda Gronhovd
1994 Draft Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey and Site Evaluation Report
Volume I' Technical Report: s.P. 0505-17, Benton County. Minnesota Trunk
Highway Cultural Resources Program, Minnesota Historical Society. Submitted
to the Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota.
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