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10.2 SR 05-15-2023 Request for Action To Item Number Mayor and City Council 10.2 Agenda Section Meeting Date Prepared by Work Session May 15, 2023 Cal Portner, City Administrator Item Description Reviewed by Sandbag Policy Mark Dickinson, Fire Chief/Emergency Manager Reviewed by Justin Femrite, Chief Engineer/Public Works Director Action Requested Receive information, discuss, and provide direction. Background/Discussion Mayor Dietz, citing concerns of private property damage due to spring flooding, inquired whether it would be possible to budget for and provide free sandbags to residents who may be impacted. He has spoken with Plaisted Companies who have committed to providing sand for the city at no cost. The city attorney has indicated the provision of sand and sandbags has a public purpose for public expenditures. If the Council concurs, a policy should be adopted to outline the city’s responsibilities, expectations and the process for dissemination and disposal. Financial Impact The cost of sandbags would be budgeted for in the 2024 budget process. Mission/Policy/Goal The Elk River Mission Attachments  None The Elk River Vision A welcoming community with revolutionary and spirited resourcefulness, exceptional service, and community engagement that encourages and inspires prosperity. 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ON00 4ram ac yL 7 Rj m��s� ct� G7 tU U En V � o0oo �03•�uu0 w _ S N M I U C N •E oo ss v`0j u4-'� (Di u= S W-0 0 O •� 0 C y V m u y m� o0 -cw E i •fti W -0 IM_ — y p 0 rn O v E .sue oo E��°�'� Qt •a�i c O �� a�i a� o c u sc?�--ca cam' N �,w'm =s a' 0 ��,// 0 >' a, > O 4-1 N A 01 4 O N y Ln C W O y +�' y C O Q1� 0 :0 Lf)JZ- cv"'�,to 3CL m 0. �•�3y �+ s N /o 0 4-0> N i ZD �, X 0 X 4 O 0 (D 3 O c m E C o X �N oEo 0- °'V T E a;g ��E•= 0 m X a X N ,L U t p y y N O Uvs.Luo. �'�ac u-'a AE-626 (Revised) 0 Sandbag i for Flood Protection ig, Extension Engineer sandbag dike must be built properly to prevent or reduce flood damage. Managing Volunteers Since a dike will fail if not built correctly, training peo- ple on proper procedures for placing sandbags is very important. In the rush, volunteers will do something, but the result frequently is a dike that performs poorly or fails. Put a high priority on planning and organization. Identifying a supervisor for the project is recommended. W', Sandbags Bags are made from various materials, but the most common is woven polypropylene. They usually measure about 14 inches wide and 24 to 26 inches long. Other sizes of bags also are available, but bags are easier to handle if their weight with filling in them is limited to 35 to 40 pounds. Sand is the easiest material for filling and shaping sandbags. Silt and clay in bags will form a good dike, but working with those materials is more difficult. Fill sandbags slightly more than one-half full. Contact your county emergency management office for information on where to obtain sandbags. Site Selection When selecting the location for the dike, take advantage of natural land features that keep the dike as short and low as possible. Avoid obstructions that would weaken the dike. Do not build the dike against a building wall due to the forces the dike may place on the building. Leave at least 8 feet to maneuver between the dike and buildings for observation, pumping seepage water and other activities. Since friction holds a dike from sliding, create a good bond between the ground and the dike. Remove ice and snow since it will melt permitting water to flow under the dike. Remove anything else that is "slippery." If the dike is to be more than about 3 feet high, dig a bonding trench where the dike will be placed if possible. The trench should be about 4 to 6 inches deep and 18 to 24 inches wide. Estimate Sandbags Needed Build the dike at least 1 foot higher than the projected crest level to allow for fluctuations in the water level. Local experience will assist in determining the amount of freeboard to provide. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recommends building a dike with a width at the base that is three times the dike height. For example, a 4-foot-high dike would have a base width of 12 feet. The corps indicates that each foot of finished dike length requires one bag, each foot of height requires three bags, and each 2.5 feet of width requires three bags. This results in each bag having placed dimensions of about 4 inches high by 10 inches wide by 14 inches long. 5ft 4ft NDSU aft 2ft Extension Service 1 ft North Dakota State University 7�� Fargo, North Dakota 58105 2' MARCH 2O10 _ _ _ - r Dimensions of a dike that is twice as wide as it is tall 4' - 6' - 8` - 1 0' Estimated cubic yards of sand needed per 100 feet of dike length for various dike heights and ratios of height to width. An additional 2 cubic yards will be needed for bags to hold the plastic. Dike Height (ft.) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Cubic Width Yards 3 x H 7 15 25 38 54 73 95 119 145 Of Width 6 11 18 27 38 50 65 82 100 Sand 2 x H Use the following equation to estimate the number of bags required per linear foot of dike for a dike with a base width that is three times the height. N = (3 x H) + (9 x H x H) / 2 N - Number of bags required per linear foot of dike H - Dike height (feet) Example: Estimate the number of bags required per linear foot for a dike 3 feet tall. N=(3x3)+(9x3x3)/2=45bags The estimated number of bags needed for 100 linear feet of dike is: 1-foot-high dike: 600 2-foot-high dike: 2,100 3-foot-high dike: 4,500 4-foot-high dike: 7,800 A common recommendation is to make the dike twice as wide as its height. This is a minimum width -to -height Stacking sandbags with a base width three times the height Width This volume is calculated based on a center section that is 9 inches wide and the remainder is in a triangular shape. ratio that should be used. The estimated number of bags needed for this ratio is in the following table. This is based on each bag having placed dimensions of about 4 to 5 inches high by 9 to 10 inches wide by 14 inches long. The estimated number of bags needed for 100 linear feet of dike that it twice as wide as its height is: 1-foot-high dike: 600 2-foot-high dike: 1,700 3-foot-high dike: 3,000 4-foot-high dike: 5,500 5-foot-high dike: 9,000 A cubic yard will fill about 100 30-pound sandbags or about 75 40-pound bags, assuming the sand weighs 110 pounds per cubic foot. Sand weighs 100 to 130 pounds per cubic foot, depending on moisture content and packing. A cubic yard is 27 cubic feet. Each 14-inch by 24-inch bag will hold about 0.4 cubic feet if filled about one-half full. Based on volume, each yard will fill about 67 bags one-half full. Width: 3 time height Height �= • Bonding trench 1 sack deep, Water side - 2 sacks wide Strip sod before laying "`�� bottom layer, if possible , - • M Filling Sandbags Fill the bags about one-half full and tie the bag near the top, if it is tied, which permits the sand to move easily in the bag to create a good dike. Overfilled bags and bags tied too low leave gaps in the dike, which allows water to seep through. Sandbags do not need to be tied unless they are transported. Filling sandbags usually is a two - person operation. One member of the team holds the bag on the ground slightly in front of his or her spread feet and the second shovels the sand into the bag. Use gloves to protect the bag holder's hands. The use of safety goggles is desirable, especially during dry and windy days. For large-scale operations, filling sandbags can be expedited by using bag -holding racks, funnels on the back of dump trucks used for sanding operations and various power loading equipment. However, the special equipment required is not always available during an emergency. M Stacking Sandbags Lift bags using your legs and limit twisting of your back. Gently hand the sandbag to the next person in a sandbag brigade or line. Plan of bottom layer Lapping sandbags .ISO! Sandbag fired too full 14,0,Sandbag tieo'too low YES! Fill the sandbag about one-half full and tie near the top, if it needs to be tied A triangular or pyramid shape for the dike is not necessary if the height will be 1 foot or less. Support the wall of sandbags with "clusters" of bags every 5 feet to stabilize the sandbag wall so it does not tip over from the force exerted by the floodwater. Place the first layer of bags lengthwise on the dike (parallel to the flow), lapping the bags so the filled portion of one bag lies on the unfilled portion of the next, with the tied or open end of the bag facing downstream. Offset adjacent rows or layers by one-half bag length to eliminate continuous joints, similar to what is done laying bricks. Compact and shape each bag by walking on it to develop dike strength and create a tight seal. Continue to walk on the bags as succeeding layers are placed. The base of the dike should be about two to three times as wide as the dike is high to provide adequate strength and friction surface area. Water exerts a tremendous Place bags parallel to the flow of water 11 '"' Flow J s_ W :A� -*-- -- - - 1. Sealing the dik force against the dike. Estimate the pressure on the dike base by multiplying the water depth by 62 pounds. For example, the pressure that 5 feet of water exerts on the base of a dike is about 310 pounds per square foot. The force of 5 feet of water on a vertical wall is about 775 pounds per linear foot of wall. Flowing water striking the dike exerts even more force on the dike. A triangular - shaped dike permits the weight of the water to push down on the dike to help hold it in place. S Sealing the Dike The finished dike should be sealed with a sheet of plastic to improve water tightness. Spread a layer of soil or sand 1 inch deep and about 1 foot wide along the bottom of the dike on the water side. Lay polyethylene plastic sheeting so the bottom extends 1 foot beyond the bottom edge of the dike over the loose soil or sand. The upper edge should extend over the top of the dike. Poly sheeting at least 6 mils thick is preferred. It generally is available in 100-foot rolls from construction supply firms, lumberyards and farm stores. Do not put plastic sheeting under the bags since that will increase the potential for the dike to slide. If more than one sheet of plastic is used, the poly sheeting should be placed from downstream to upstream and the next sheet upstream overlapped by at least 3 feet. Overlapping in this direction prevents the current from flowing under the overlap and tearing the poly loose. Lay the plastic sheeting down very loosely. The pressure of the water will make the plastic conform easily to the sandbag surface. If the plastic is stretched too tightly, the water force could puncture it. Place a row of sandbags on the bottom edge of the plastic to form a watertight seal along the water side. Place sandbags to hold down the top edge of the plastic. Avoid puncturing the plastic with sharp objects or by walking on it. 0' Controlling Seepage Use a sump or skimmer pump to remove water that permeates through the dike. Use ground fault circuit interrupters on circuits or extension cords to reduce the risk of electrocution. F Disposing of Used Sand Floodwater is generally considered as polluted, so sand from bags exposed to flood water should not be used for children's sand boxes. It can be used for typical construction applications. W, The NDSU Extension Service does not endorse commercial products or companies even though reference may be made to tradenames, trademarks or service names. This publication may be copied for noncommercial, educational purposes in its entirety with no changes. Requests to use any portion of the document .(including text, graphics or photos) should be sent to NDSU.permission@ndsu.edu. Include exactly what is requested for use and how it will be used. For more information on this and other topics, see: www.ag.ndsu.edu County commissions, North Dakota State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. North Dakota State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, disability, age, status as a U.S. veteran, sexual orientation, marital status, or public assis- tance status. Direct inquiries to the Vice President for Equity, Diversity and Global Outreach, 205 Old Main, (701) 231-7708.This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people with disabilities upon request, (701) 231-7881. 3M-3-09 Minnesota pollution control Agency c-er3-19 Guidelines for managing mud and used sandbags after a flood ediment, or mud, left by a receding flood can contain contaminants that present human health and environmental concerns. As part of a flood -recovery plan, sediments should be managed as an "unregulated special waste" as outlined below. The main health risks are from the potential presence of human and animal waste, pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and molds. Flood -mud can also contain contaminants, such as oils and pesticides, and low levels of other sediment -associated pollutants from the watershed, such as heavy metals and industrial chemicals (for example, polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs). Disposal of flood sediment The general guidelines for the management of flood -sediment include: Stockpile sediment away from wellhead and sensitive areas to de - water. Then, use the dewatered sediment as controlled fill (placed outside of flood plain and covered to minimize human exposure). Runoff sediment and erosion control measures should be placed around and downhill of flood sediment stockpiles. Mud mixed with known sewage/wastewater should be treated with lime after dewatering and land applied in accordance with septage land -treatment criteria or it should be lime -treated and placed as controlled fill. c-er3-19 • March 2009 Sediment from a receding flood may contain contaminants and should be handled with caution. • Mud mixed with suspected contaminants from nearby business sources should be treated as municipal waste and disposed of at a sanitary landfill or stockpiled and tested for suspected contaminants. • Mud from a pollution -listed or impaired watershed may likely contain trace levels of a contaminant (for example, mercury). However, this material can be managed as controlled fill and testing for these trace contaminates is not required or necessary. FEMA considerations Please note that for a federally declared disaster, in order to reduce the potential for disease transmission, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has reimbursed cleanup expenses for the disposal of flood sediments and debris as a municipal solid waste when disposed of at a sanitary landfill. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency • 520 Lafayette Rd. N., Saint Paul, MN 55155-4194 • www.r ca.state.mn.us 651-296-6300 • 800-657-3864 • TTY 651-282-5332 or 800-657-3864 • Available in alternative formats Disposal of used sandbags Floodwater can contaminate sandbags with bacteria and other pathogens. And used sandbags that are not properly managed can develop mold over time. Generally, one of the following methods should be used to manage used sandbags: A. Disposal of emptied sandbags and the sand from them: Remove the sand from the used sandbags and properly dispose of, reuse, or recycle the bags. The sand may then be: • used as clean fill (preferably covered) and only in appropriate locations (i.e., do not use the sand to fill wetlands, etc.) or • stockpiled for use as winter road sand. Note: Place the sand where it will have no contact with humans. For example, do not use the sand for playgrounds or sandboxes. B. Disposal of full sandbags: Not all landfills will accept sand and sandbags, so call first. • Dispose of very muddy sandbags and debris in a sanitary landfill. Full sandbags could also be disposed of in a demolition landfill. Note: Landfill disposal is the safest but not necessarily the most cost-effective alternative for disposal offull sandbags. • Full used sandbags can be used as fill on a case -by -case basis. Contact your local Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) solid waste staff for approval if you wish to dispose of full used sandbags in this manner. It is recommended that used sandbags deposited as fill be covered with soil. • Full sandbags contaminated with oils and other significant pollutants should be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. C. Sandbag reuse: Full sandbags may be stored and reused for same -season flood fighting. It is not recommended that used sandbags be stored for long periods. Sandbags may be reused to construct permanent earthen flood structures. Health and safety As both flood -mud and used sandbags may contain bacteria and contaminants, care should be taken to wear appropriate protective gloves, eye protection, and clothing. Persons who work with flood mud or used sandbags should exercise good hygiene and wash their hands with soap and water when they are done working with these materials. For more information For more information about disposal of flood sediments or used sandbags, phone the MPCA main office at 651-296-6300 or toll -free at 800-657-3864 or one of the regional MPCA offices: Brainerd ................218-828-2492 Detroit Lakes ............. 218-847-1519 Duluth ................218-723-4660 Mankato ................507-389-5977 Marshall ................ 507-53 7-7146 Rochester ................507-206-2631 Willmar .................320-214-3786 Guidelines for managing mud and used sandbags after a flood - c-er3-19 - March 2009 page 2 Minnewu Pollution � '_ Control Agmy 4 ■ government for many years. They resist all kinds of severe weather and are very useful for flood and traffic control. Burlap bags will eventually rot if not covered or protected from the elements. Empty bags can be stockpiled for emergency use, and will be serviceable for several years, if properly stored. ■ Woven Polypropylene When treated for UV exposure, commercial plastic (polypropylene) sandbags are available. They provide the strongest material for flood control, levee, trench and berm construction and all temporary or permanent protective barriers. When covered from ultra violet exposure, Polypropylene Sandbags last almost indefinitely with a minimum of care, but are not biodegradable. Thus they have to be disposed of, or will remain around a long time. WHAT SIZE BAGS WORK BEST FOR PRIVATE RESIDENCES AND BUSINESSES? Use bags about 14-18" wide, and 30-36" deep. Sandbags should be filled half full for easy stacking and will weigh approximately 30 pounds. Thirty sandbags are equal to approximately 1/z ton (one ton is 2000 pounds) and is the maximum legal load limit for a 1/2 ton truck. HOW CAN I FIGURE OUT HOW MANY SANDBAGS I NEED? It takes an average of 600 sandbags to cover a 100 foot section, 1-foot high. HOW FULL SHOULD THE BAG BE FILLED? Bags should be filled between one-third (1/3) to one-half (1/2) of their capacity. This keeps the bag from getting too heavy, and permits the bags to be stacked with a good sea]. WHAT MATERIAL SHOULD BE USED TO FILL THE SANDBAGS? A heavy bodied or sandy soil is most desirable for filling sandbags, but any usable material at or near the site has definite advantages. Coarse sand could leak out through the weave in the bag. To prevent this, double bag the material. Gravelly or rocky soils are generally poor choices because of their permeability. Filled bags of earth material will deteriorate quickly. HOW MANY PEOPLE DOES IT TAKE TO FILL SANDBAGS? Sandbag barriers can easily be constructed by two people, as most individuals have the physical capability to carry or drag a sandbag weighing approximately 30 pounds. WHAT IS THE BEST METHOD TO USE TO FILL SANDBAGS? r •� • � r It is recommended to use a two -person operation to fill sandbags. Both people should be wearing gloves to protect their hands. One member of the team should place the empty bag between or slightly in front of widespread feet with arms extended. The throat of the bag is folded to form a collar, and held with the hands in a position that will enable the other team member to empty a rounded shovel full of material into the open end. The person holding the sack should be standing with knees slightly flexed, and head and face as far away from the shovel as possible. The shoveler should carefully release the rounded shovel full of soil into the throat of the bag. Haste in this operation can result in undue spillage and added work. The use of safety goggles and gloves is desirable, and sometimes necessary. WHY DO YOU SOMETIMES TIE THE SANDBAGS AND OTHER TIMES DON'T? Untied sandbags are recommended for most situations. Tied sandbags should be used only for special situations when pre -filling and stockpiling may be required, or for specific purposes such as filling holes, holding objects in position, or to form barriers backed by supportive planks. Tied sandbags are generally easier to handle and stockpile. WHAT IS THE HEIGHT LIMIT TO STACK SANDBAGS SAFELY? Limit placement to three layers, unless a building is used as a backing or sandbags are placed in a pyramid. HOW DO YOU STACK SANDBAGS? ■ Fold top of sandbag down and rest bag on its folded top (preferably untied so it will lay flat). ■ Take care in stacking sandbags. It is important to place the bags with the folded top of the bag in the upstream or uphill direction to prevent the bags from opening when water runs by them. ■ Tamp each sandbag into place, completing each layer prior to starting the next layer. Clear a path between buildings for debris flow. ■ Lay a plastic sheet in between the building and the bags to control the flow and prevent water from seeping into sliding glass doors. ■ Limit placement to three layers, unless a building is used as a backing or sandbags are placed in a pyramid. HOW DO YOU DISPOSE OF SANDBAGS AFTER THEIR USE? Homeowners should empty the material in the bags in their gardens or yards, then throw the bags in the trash. Before disposing of used sandbags, check for contamination. Sandbags exposed to contaminated floodwaters may pose an environmental hazard and require special handling. SANDBAG LIMITATIONS ■ Sandbags will not seal out water. ■ Sandbags deteriorate when exposed for several months to continued wetting and drying. If bags are placed too early, they may not be effective when needed. ■ Sandbags are basically for low -flow protection (up to two feet). Protection from high flow requires a permanent type of structure. ■ Sandbags are not always an effective measure in the event of flooding because water will eventually seep through the bags and finer materials like clay may leak out through the seams. SANDBAG DON'TS ... ■ Sandbags should never be used to build a fortress around the perimeter of one's property. Doing so can actually trap flood -waters between sandbag walls and structures, leading to further damage. ■ Do not use garbage bags, as they are too slick to stack. Do not use feed sacks, as they are too large to handle. 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